Stopdiar

Description overdue on 08/26/2014

• Latin name: Stopdiar
• ATC code: A07AX03
• Active substance: Nifuroxazide (Nifuroxazide)
• Manufacturer: Gedeon Richter (Hungary)

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• Composition
• Product form
• Pharmacological action
• Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics
• Indications Stopdiara
• Contraindications
• Side effects
• Instructions for use Stopdiara
• Cooperation
• With alcohol
• Terms of sale
• Storage conditions
• Shelf life
• Analogs
• Enterofuril or Stopdiar - which is better?
• Reviews
• Price, where to buy

Medicine Stopdiar - composition

Tablets are film coated. The composition of one tablet are:

• active substance nifuroxazide 100 mg;
• Excipients: talc . colloidal silica .   potato starch .   gelatin . magnesium stearate ;
• film coating composition: talc . Valium . titanium dioxide . polyethylene glycol 20000 . quinoline yellow dye .

Oral suspension in 5 ml suspension contains:

• active substance nifuroxazide   220 mg;
• Excipients: Carbomer . saccharose . sodium hydroxide . citric acid monohydrate .   30% simethicone emulsion antifoaming . methyl parahydroxybenzoate . Banana flavor .

Product form

Pills in A film coated yellow color, round, convex with both sides. 24 tablets are in a blister pack, placed in a cardboard box.

Oral suspension light lemon color, odor banana in dark glass bottles of 125 ml (suspension in 90 ml vial). The vial is placed in a cardboard box, there is a double (at both ends) measuring spoons 5 and 2, 5 ml.

Pharmacological action

The drug has antibacterial effect   in relation to the causative agents of intestinal infection.

Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics

The active substance Stopdiara nifuroxazide   It refers to the group of nitrofurans and ingestion exerts an antibacterial effect on pathogenic and opportunistic microorganisms that cause intestinal infections. Nifuroxazide   active against gram-positive ( staphylococci, streptococci ) And Gram-negative ( Salmonella . Shigella . Klebsiella . E. coli ) Bacteria, which often are the causative agents of intestinal infections.

Stopdiara action due to the suppression action of enzymes involved in cellular metabolism pathogens. Due to the metabolic break down the cell membranes of bacteria and cells die.

Activity Stopdiara against the infectious agent is not reduced even during prolonged treatment. However, he does not destroy the intestinal microflora, so after his application for restoration of the digestion process takes less time than with the use of antibiotics. Effect of the drug independent of pH in the intestines.

After ingestion of capsules or suspensions of the active ingredient is practically not absorbed in the intestine, not into the blood stream and has no systemic effects on the body. It operates directly in the intestine, and then excreted naturally by the faeces.

Indications Stopdiara

The drug is prescribed in the following diseases:

• acute intestinal infections , Caused by susceptible to nifuroxazide causative agents of;
• chronic bowel disease ( enteritis and enterocolitis ) An infectious nature.

Contraindications for use Stopdiara

Contraindications to the use of the tablets:

• allergies to medications   from the group of 5-nitrofuran ;
• A hypersensibility of the organism to other components of the drug;
• the age of six.

Contraindications to the use of the suspension:

• allergies to medications   from the group of 5-nitrofuran ;
• hypersensitivity to other components of the drug;
• the age of two months;
• prematurity.

Precautions are advised to take the medication at the time of pregnancy   and breast-feeding   child as clinical tests on these categories of patients was conducted.

Side effects Stopdiara

The drug is usually is well tolerated by all patients and only in single instances are manifested its side steps:

• The stomach and intestine   - May appear transient abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea symptoms intensify; it does not require interruption of treatment;
• allergic reactions   - hives . angioedema , Respiratory disorders. In such circumstances you should immediately stop taking the drug.

Instructions for use Stopdiara

Instructions on pills Stopdiar Tablets are swallowed without chewing and drinking water every 6 hours. Stopdiara reception does not depend on the power mode. Adults and children after six years should take 200 mg (2 tablets) four times a day for a week.

Instructions on Stopdiar - suspension for children : Suspension give the child every 6 - 8 hours, without associating it with feeding; the vial before applying carefully is shaken, achieving homogeneity a suspension of, after which is dosed the suspension was with the help of dimensional spoons of (1 small dimensional spoon on 2.5 mL contains 110 mg of the drug, 1 large dimensional spoon on 5 ml of - 220 mg). Guide for Children recommends the following age dosage of the drug:

• 2 - 6 months: 110 - 220 mg of (1-2 scoops 2.5 ml) twice per day;
• 6 months - 6 years: 220 mg (1 measuring spoon on 5 ml) thrice per day;
• 6 - 18 years and adults: 220 mg (1 scoop 5 ml) four times a day.

Duration of use   Stopdiar suspension for children   It should not exceed one week. Treatment should be under medical supervision, because the intestinal infection, especially in young children, often leads to dehydration and related serious complications. Therefore, a constantly replenish lost fluids.

Stopdiara Interaction with other drugs

The drug is practically not absorbed in the intestine and enters the blood, so it can not interact with any other drugs. But if at the same time with Stopdiarom ingest some other drug Stopdiar adsorbs it on its surface and bring the body. Therefore Stopdiara between ingestion and other drugs should be a break 2 - 3 hours.

Interaction with alcohol

During treatment Stopdiarom not take alcoholic drinks, since the reception of the drug greatly increases the body's sensitivity to alcohol. Even if accidentally eating small amounts of alcohol may develop severe teturamopodobnoy reaction : A patient is sharply reduced arterial pressure Appear nausea, vomiting Sometimes loss of consciousness and seizures.

Terms of sale

The preparation is available on medical prescription.

Storage conditions

The tablets were stored in a dry, dark place at a temperature of 15-25 ° C. The suspension should be stored at a temperature not exceeding 25 ° C. Medications should be available for children.

Shelf life

Shelf life Tablets - 4 years, the suspension - 3 years.

Analogs Stopdiara

Match code ATC 4th level:

• Ersefuril
• Nifuroxazide
• Entoban

Analogs - a variety of dosage formulations groups which are used to treat the same disease. The analogue of Stopdiara is a Furazolidone   - Preparation of nitrofurans group, but with a different active ingredient. Furazolidone - it is one of the first products from the group of nitrofurans, who were appointed in the treatment of intestinal infections. Its efficiency is definitely lower than Stopdiara.

Synonyms are drug Enterofuril, ersefuril, Diastat, nifuroxazide . All these medicines active substance is nifuroxazide.

Enterofuril or Stopdiar - which is better?

This is absolutely identical preparations, which have a one and the same active substance, are issued in identical dosage forms for adults and children, have identical indications and contraindications for the application of.

Both drugs let out pharmaceutical companies with a good reputation: Stopdiar   - Gedeon Richter (Hungary) Enterofuril   - Bosnalek (Bosnia and Herzegovina).

Reviews Stopdiare

Reviews   Only about tablets positive . Produced the drug in a convenient dosage form, effectively interrupts the majority of intestinal infections, has virtually no side effects and contraindications for use.

The suspension Stopdiar reviews also has a purely positive. This drug from an intestinal infection for children is widely used in outpatient practice and hospital.

Price Stopdiara

The price of one pack of pills Stopdiar in Moscow varies from 128 to 158 rubles;
Suspensions Stopdiar price from 214 to 247 rubles.

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Neo Pilobakt

Description overdue on 08/30/2014

• Latin name: Pylobact Neo
• ATC code: A02BD05
• Active substance: Amoxicillin (Amoxicillin), omeprazole (Omeprazole), Clarithromycin (Clarithromycin)
• Manufacturer: Ranbaxy Laboratories Ltd. (India)

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• Composition
• Product form
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• Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics
• Indications
• Contraindications
• Side effects
• Instructions for use Pilobakta Neo (The method and dosage)
• Overdose
• Cooperation
• Terms of sale
• Storage conditions
• Shelf life
• Analogs
• Reviews
• Price, where to buy

Composition

Pills Amoxicillin   It contains as active substance Amoxicillin   in shape   trihydrate And auxiliary components such as colloidal anhydrous silica, MCC, polyethylene glycol, sodium starch, magnesium stearate, talc, Parmas, titanium dioxide, a yellow-orange dye.

Capsules Omeprazole   They have the active ingredient is omeprazole , Plus the following additional components: non-Parel granules, corn starch, povidone, sodium lauryl sulfate, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate, titanium dioxide, sucrose, mannitol, talc, hydrogenated sodium orthophosphate anhydrous, diethyl phthalate.

Pills Clarithromycin   incorporate such active components as clarithromycin And the following excipients: colloidal anhydrous silica, povidone, magnesium stearate, croscarmellose sodium, hydroxypropyl cellulose, sorbitan, quinoline yellow dye, opakod S-1-27794 black, MCC, talc, stearic acid, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, propylene glycol, titanium dioxide, vanillin.

Product form

Pilobakt Neo is a combined set, designed for oral use. Clarithromycin and amoxicillin - coated tablets. Omeprazole - Capsules.

Pharmacological action

The drug acts as an antibacterial agent in the Helicobacter pylori .

Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics

Pilobakt Neo - a drug designed to eradication therapy Helicobacter pylori . It is designed for one-week course.

Amoxicillin   represents antibiotic Belonging to the semisynthetic penicillins That have bactericidal action . It is due to the fact that the active drug may inhibit the synthesis of bacterial cell walls. Tablets are effective against Helicobacter pylori .

Omeprazole   represents proton pump inhibitor . It reduces the secretion of hydrochloric acid in the stomach and helps to block the final step of acid secretion. Because of this reduced level basal   and stimulated secretion . Duration of caps - more than a day. They significantly reduce the amount of gastric juice and increase the concentration of other components of the complex Pilobakt Neo in the gastric mucosa, in addition, increase the level of acidity in the stomach and provide optimal conditions for the antimicrobial activity.

Clarithromycin   It is macrolide antibiotic Which acts as an antibacterial agent against many microorganisms, including Helicobacter pylori . It inhibits the synthesis of proteins. Resistant to acidic medium in the stomach.

All components of the complex Pilobakt Neo characterized by a good degree of absorption following oral administration.

Amoxicillin   rapidly absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract and is not cleaved in acidic medium in the stomach. Take this medication can be relatively free meals. Its maximum concentration in plasma is achieved in 60-120 minutes. The half-life of the drug - about 60-90 minutes. 60% is excreted in the urine in unchanged form. Relationship to plasma proteins - 20%.

Bioavailability Omeprazole   - About 40%. The time of its plasma half-life - about half an hour or an hour. The drug has a good connection to plasma proteins. About 80% while excreted through the kidneys as metabolites .

The content of active substance Clarithromycin   in body fluids and tissues is many times higher than the concentration in serum. You can take the drug regardless of meals. About 20% is split to form Clarithromycin 14 hydroxyclarithromycin. The time of its half-life - about 6 hours. About 20% of the drug is excreted in the kidneys unchanged and 15% as a 14-hydroxyclarithromycin.

Indications

Combination set Pilobakt Neo taken if necessary eradication therapy Helicobacter pylori   in adult patients who have duodenal ulcer and stomach .

Contraindications

The drug can not be used if you are hypersensitive to its components, and other macrolides , and beta-lactam antibiotics . In addition, before the course is necessary to exclude malignancy, as the course Pilobakt Neo may hinder its diagnosis.

This drug also can not be taken at pregnancy . Lactation Children up to 16 years and patients with infectious mononucleosis , Blood dyscrasias and leukemoid tests lymphatic type.

Side effects

Tablets and capsules of the combined set of Pilobakt Neo is usually well tolerated by patients, side effects are easily and quickly.

Undesirable effects while taking Amoxicillin   It appears mainly in the form of hives . In addition, in rare cases may occur convulsions . hyperkinesia . dizziness , Nausea, colitis . vomiting . itch . diarrhea . angioedema . Stevens-Johnson syndrome . hives . anaphylactic shock . erythema multiforme . interstitial nephritis . leukopenia . hemolytic anemia . thrombocytopenia . agranulocytosis .

Application Omeprazole   can lead to side effects such as vomiting, headache . flatulence . nausea . constipation , abdominal pain, diarrhea . photosensitization . Stevens-Johnson syndrome . itch . alopecia . erythema multiforme Symptoms Arthritis   and myalgia , Rash, joint pain, muscle aches, muscle weakness. In rare cases, there is also:

• sleep disturbance ;
• fatigue;
• paresthesia ;
• weakness;
• vertigo ;
• drowsiness ;
• dizziness ;
• hallucinations ;
• agitation ;
• depression ;
• confusion;
• candidiasis   Gastrointestinal;
• dry mouth;
• stomatitis ;
• increase in liver enzymes;
• hepatitis ;
• encephalopathy ;
• gynecomastia ;
• pancytopenia ;
• thrombocytopenia ;
• agranulocytosis ;
• leukopenia ;
• reducing the concentration of sodium in the blood;
• blurred vision;
• excessive sweating;
• breach of taste sensations;
• peripheral edema.

Clarithromycin   may cause the following side effects:

• CNS : Temporary hearing loss, psychosis , Disorientation, nightmares, anxiety, hallucinations . insomnia . parosmiya . anosmia . dizziness , Taste change, depersonalization, ringing in the ears, vertigo . confusion . dizgevziya . ageusia , Seizures, headache .
• Digestive system : Discoloration of tongue, liver dysfunction, hepatocellular jaundice . cholestatic jaundice . candidiasis   oral hepatitis . cholestatic hepatitis . hepatic failure , Discoloration of teeth, stomatitis . acute pancreatitis . pseudomembranous colitis . glossitis , Vomiting, dyspepsia , Abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea .
• The urinary system : renal failure . interstitial nephritis .
• The immune system Hypersensitivity, anaphylactic   reaction.
• CCC : ventricular tachycardia Lengthening QT interval .
• Skin and subcutaneous tissue : Stevens-Johnson syndrome . angioedema before anaphylaxis . hives . skin rash .
• Blood and lymphatic system : thrombocytopenia . leukopenia .
• Metabolism : hypoglycemia .

Instructions for use Pilobakta Neo (The method and dosage)

Instructions on Pilobakt Neo provides its use during the week. One day, it is taken 1 blister, which includes 2 pills amoxicillin, 2 capsules of omeprazole and 2 tablets Clarithromycin.

Instructions for use Pilobakta Neo reports that in the morning should take 1 capsule of omeprazole and amoxicillin and clarithromycin tablet. In the evening, their reception is repeated in the same dosages.

Overdose

At higher doses Amoxicillin   you may receive nausea . diarrhea . vomiting and crystalluria . If this happens, you should immediately stop taking the medication. If overdose occurred recently, can cause vomiting. In other cases, prescribe hemodialysis .

Omeprazole   at high doses can cause nausea, dizziness . diarrhea . vomiting . abdominal pain . Headache . apathy . confusion . depression . All symptoms are reversible. Treatment is symptomatic.

Clarithromycin may cause an overdose allergy And problems with the gastrointestinal tract. As treatment is prescribed gastric lavage .

Cooperation

Time-life and maintenance Amoxicillin   plasma enhanced when combined with Probenecid . Oxyphenbutazone . Sulfinpirazon . Phenylbutazone   and Acetylsalicylic acid . Concurrent use with oral contraceptives may cause bleeding   and reducing their effectiveness. At the same time, the bactericidal action of amoxicillin neutralized when combined with bacteriostatic drugs, and with Ampicillin   increased incidence of skin reactions.

Omeprazole   in combination with drugs that are cleaved by enzymes in the liver systems P450 It can increase their concentration. In combination with Clarithromycin   this tool can also increase the concentration of both.

Clarithromycin   contraindicated for use in conjunction with Cisapride . Terfenadine   and Pimozide . Astemizole . Ergotamine . Dihydroergotamine , and benzodiazepines That are metabolized by CYP3A. You may need a dosage adjustment or cancellation of Clarithromycin in combination with potent inducers of enzymes P450 . Ritonavir . When combined with Quinidine   or Dizopiramid   you may receive ventricular tachycardia So that it is necessary to closely monitor their concentration in the blood serum.

Clarithromycin   also increases the concentration of HMG-CoA reductase and potentiate the effect of oral anticoagulants. Furthermore, in conjunction with it may increase the concentration phosphodiesterase inhibitors . Theophylline   or Carbamazepine   plasma, so they may need adjustment of the dose. Also, in some cases, the dosage should be adjusted when combined with Tolterodine .

FROM Triazolam   Clarithromycin may provoke the occurrence of side effects from the CNS. Therefore, their joint application requires careful monitoring specialists. Clarithromycin and other macrolides can inhibit CYP3A and P-glycoprotein. And in combination with Digoxin   it can increase its concentration in the blood serum. Thus dosage should be well controlled.

In HIV-infected patients and clarithromycin Zidovudine   may reduce the equilibrium concentration in the serum. Reception interval between them should be strictly adhered to. Probably well as bilateral cooperation with Atazanovirom . Saquinavir   and Itraconazole .

Terms of sale

The drug is sold strictly on prescription.

Storage conditions

Keep Pilobakt Neo should be dry and out of reach of children. At this temperature should be 25 ° C.

Shelf life

Shelf life - 2 years.

Analogs

Match code ATC 4th level:

• Pilobakt AM
• Pilobakt

Analogs Pilobakta Neo is not so common. The only widely known is complex preparation Ornistat . However, the components of the Neo Pilobakt a generation later. In addition, it is the Indian drug, and Ornistat   - English. So many patients still prefer Ornistat , Despite the fact that its cheaper counterparts.

Reviews of Neo Pilobakt

On Pilobakt Neo reviews of people on the Internet and other sources meet the most different. For example, some say that the drug was ineffective. And someone claims that his action is already noticeable in a few days. In addition, reviews of the Neo Pilobakt rarely report the appearance of any side effects, so that the vehicle is considered safe for use.

Price Pilobakta Neo

Buy Neo Pilobakt possible, mainly in the Ukrainian pharmacies. Although there appears this drug is rare. Price Pilobakt Neo, on average, 150 hryvnia. This tool is considered very affordable compared to their English counterparts. In addition, it should be remembered that this is a complex preparation, so the price Pilobakt Neo is given three drugs at once.

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Valacyclovir

Description overdue on 14/10/2014

• Latin name: Valacyclovir
• ATC code: J05AB11
• Active substance: Valacyclovir (Valaciclovir)
• Manufacturer: Ltd. Technology of medicines, Russia

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• Composition
• Product form
• Pharmacological action
• Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics
• Indications
• Contraindications
• Side effects
• Instructions for use of valaciclovir (method and dosage)
• Overdose
• Cooperation
• Terms of sale
• Storage conditions
• Shelf life
• Cautions
• Analogs
• During pregnancy (and lactation)
• Reviews
• Price, where to buy

Composition

As part of a single tablet is 556 mg valacyclovir hydrochloride (500 mg, based on valacyclovir ).

Product form

Tablets are film coated, in cardboard packs or glass jars for 10 pieces.

Pharmacological action

Antiviral .

Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics

Active substance means depresses livelihoods DNA polymerase   Virus Herpes It does not provide synthesized viral DNA   and inhibits processes Replication .

After entering the body, valacyclovir   transformed into acyclovir   and L-valine Then reactions occur phosphorylation   and acyclovir   turns into acyclovir triphosphate . The resulting compound is able to inhibit DNA polymerase   malware agent (virus) on competitive mechanisms.

Phosphorylation occurs generally in two steps. The first reaction is catalyzed by the enzyme thymidine kinase . The drug is particularly active in relation to the Herpes simplex To Varicella zoster   it is less sensitive. Displayed substance kidneys or in feces, the half-life of about three hours.

Indications

The medicine is prescribed:

• for the treatment of diseases of the mucous membranes and skin, are caused by a virus Herpes simplex ;
• for the prevention of recurrence of disease caused by the same virus;
• at shingles ;
• as prophylaxis cytomegalovirus infection   after Organ Transplantation .

Contraindications

The tool is contraindicated:

• bone marrow transplantation and kidney;
• at allergies   to the active substance;
• HIV-infected If CD4 + lymphocytes   does not exceed 100 mg / l;
• Children up to 18 years (exception - organ transplants, while drug use at age 12).

Side effects

The drug was well researched. As a result, laboratory studies and observations of patients with Shingles   and herpes virus (including concomitant immunocompromised ) Accepted valacyclovir It has been identified almost all possible side reactions.

FEATURES:

• nausea, pain epigastric   region, vomiting, anorexia   and diarrhea , Elevated liver enzymes, hepatitis ;
• abnormalities in the kidneys, photosensitivity , Shortness of breath,   thrombocytopenia ;
• headaches, dizziness, . hallucinations . depression . agitation . ataxia . psychosis . ataxophemia , Impaired consciousness and coma ;
• rash, itching, anaphylaxis . hives . angioedema ;
• neutropenia . aplastic anemia . vasculitis . thrombocytopenia ;
• nasopharyngitis . swelling of the face . tachycardia , Increasing Blood Pressure , Fatigue;
• rhinorrhea . fever   and dehydration .

Instructions for use of valaciclovir (method and dosage)

Means taken orally without regard to meals.

Valacyclovir Tablets, instructions for use

When shingles single dosage of 1000 mg (2 tablets) 3 times daily. The course of treatment - 7 days. The sooner after onset of symptoms began receiving funds, the more effective the treatment will be.

Herpes (including the prophylactic) daily dose - 1000 mg. It is recommended to be divided into 2 doses, morning and evening, one tablet. Duration of treatment - from 5 to 10 days (severity of disease).

If the patient has irregularities in the kidneys, the dose should be adjusted.

Overdose

There is no evidence of drug overdose.

Cooperation

No clinically significant interactions between tablets with other agents was not observed.

However, the active substance is excreted through the kidney by kanaltsievoy secretion . Any medicines that will be appointed at the same time Valacyclovir,   would interfere with its normal excretion from the body. This primarily refers to cimetidine   and other drugs that block the secretion mechanism kanaltsievoy.

When combined with mycophenolate Concentration acyclovir   in the blood plasma increases.

When combined with funds cyclosporine . tacrolimus   and drugs that disrupt the normal functioning of kidneys, the load on these organs increases.

Terms of sale

We need a recipe.

Storage conditions

In a cool place at a temperature no higher than 25 degrees.

Shelf life

2 years.

Cautions

When violations of the kidneys to use the drug should be with caution. Perhaps the development of Acute renal failure , Disorders of the central nervous system.

For elderly patients dose adjustment is required, however, should increase fluid intake.

During treatment Genital herpes   It is to abstain from sexual intercourse, since the drug does not protect against transmission of the virus to the partner.

In the treatment of patients with liver disease should be careful.

No clinical experience of the use of funds for children up to 12 years in connection with this medication is not prescribed for children.

If the patient had a bone marrow transplant, or kidneys, detected clinically severe form HIV infection Manifested acute immunodeficiency Then the drug can lead to thrombocytopenic purpura . hemolytic uremic syndrome   and death.

If during treatment means observed hallucinations, seizures, agitation, confusion   and   delirium The drug should be discontinued.

Analogs of valacyclovir

Match code ATC 4th level:

• Famvir
• Ribavirin
• Valtrex

The closest analogues: Waiora, Canon Valaciclovir, Valacyclovir Hydrochloride, Valogard, Valtsikon, Virdel, Valavir, Valvira, Valtrex, Vatsireks .

What is better - or Valacyclovir Valtrex?

Valtrex - import analogue with the same active ingredient. On the effectiveness and frequency of side reactions of drugs are identical. However, the cost is much higher than Valtrex Valacyclovir.

During pregnancy and lactation

Studies that proved harmless means for pregnant and lactating women, almost none. In this regard, the doctor has to prescribe a drug.

Valacyclovir (a metabolite of acyclovir) well into the breast milk.

During studies in rats and rabbits, when receiving means is not provided teratogenicity   exposure did not cause Fertility   females and males.

Reviews of valacyclovir

Reviews good. The product eliminates the long   Herpes , The side effects most frequently manifest nausea and problems with the gastrointestinal tract. Many are satisfied with the relatively low cost of the medication.

Price valacyclovir

The price for Valacyclovir Tablets in Russia - about 600 rubles per 10 pieces.

However tablets are generally used ointment containing valacyclovir.

Price valacyclovir in Ukraine is somewhat higher. Buy drug can be for UAH 360 (10 tablets).

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Interferon

Description overdue on 11/11/2014

• Latin name: Interferon
• ATC code: L03AB
• Active substance: The interferon preparations can be used as the active ingredient: the human α, β or γ interferon (IFN)
• Manufacturer: Hoffmann-La Roche, Switzerland; Schering-Plough, USA; InterMune, USA and others.

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• Composition
• Product form
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• Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics
• Indications
• Contraindications
• Side effects
• Interferon, instructions for use
• Overdose
• Cooperation
• Terms of sale
• Storage conditions
• Shelf life
• Cautions
• Analogs
• Interferon for children
• During pregnancy (and lactation)
• Reviews
• Price, where to buy

Composition

The composition of the drugs interferon depends on the release form.

Product form

Interferon preparations have the following forms of production:

• Lyophilized powder for ocular and nasal drops, injectable solution;
• injectable solution;
• eye drops;
• eye film;
• nasal drops and sprays;
• ointment;
• dermatological gel;
• liposomes;
• spray;
• oral solution;
• rectal suppositories;
• vaginal suppositories;
• implants;
• microclysters;
• pills (tablets interferon is produced under the brand name Entalferon).

Pharmacological action

IFN preparations belong to the group of medicines antiviral and immunomodulatory effects .

All IFN have antiviral and antitumoral effect . Equally important is considered to be their property and to stimulate to action Macrophages   - Cells that play an important role in the initiation cellular immunity .

IFN contribute to the body's resistance to penetration Virus And reproduction block Virus   when they enter the cage. The latter is due to the ability to inhibit IFN translation matrix (information) RNA virus .

This IFN antiviral activity is not directed against certain Virus That is not characterized by IFN virusospetsifichnostyu. This explains their versatility and wide range of antiviral activity.

Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics

The main biological effect of α-IFN is inhibition of the synthesis of viral proteins . Antiviral state cells evolves within a few hours after the drug or induce production of IFN in the body.

Thus IFN no effect on the early stages of replicative cycle, i.e. the adsorption step, penetration Virus   the cell (penetration) and release inner component   Virus   during its "stripping."

Antiviral activity   α-IFN is evident even in the case of infection of cells infectious RNA . IFN does not penetrate into the cell, but only interacts with specific receptors on cell membranes ( ganglioside   or similar to these structures, which contain oligosaccharides ).

The mechanism of activity of IFN alpha resembles the action of the individual glycopeptide hormone . It stimulates the activity gene , Some of which are involved in encoding the formation of products Direct antiviral .

β interferons   also possess antiviral Which is associated with several mechanisms of action. Beta interferon   activates N0-synthetase, which in turn contributes to the concentration of nitric oxide within the cell. Last plays a key role in the suppression of reproduction Virus .

β-IFN to activate secondary effector functions aturalnyh killers at . B-lymphocytes of type . blood monocytes . tissue macrophages   (mononuclear phagocytes) and neutrophils Which are characterized by antibody and antitelonezavisimoy cytotoxicity.

Besides β-IFN blocking the release of internal components Virus   and interferes with the methylation RNA .

IFN-γ is involved in the regulation of immune responses and regulates the intensity inflammatory reactions. Despite the fact that it has a self- antivirus   and antitumor effect . gamma interferon   very weak. He greatly enhances the activity of α- and β-IFN.

After parenteral administration, the maximum concentration of IFN in plasma   observed after 3-12 hours. The bioavailability index - 100% (both after administration under the skin, and after administration into the muscle).

T? Long half-life is about 2 to 7 hours. Trace concentrations of IFN in the plasma can not be detected after 16-24 hours.

Indications

IFN for treatment viral diseases Affecting respiratory tract .

In addition, the drugs interferon administered to patients with chronic Hepatitis B, C and Delta .

For treatment viral diseases   and, in particular, Hepatitis C Used mainly IFN-α (both of its shape - IFN-alfa-2b and IFN-alfa-2a). The "gold standard" treatment Hepatitis C   It is considered to be pegylated interferon alfa-2b and alpha-2a. In comparison with conventional interferons them less effective.

Hepatitis C   genotype 1 is recommended to be treated by applying pegylated IFN alpha-2a or pegylated IFN alpha-2b (available under the trade names Pegasys   or PegIntron ) In combination with Ribavirin .

Genetic polymorphism, according to the gene IL28B, which is responsible for encoding IFN lambda 3, causes significant differences in the effect of treatment.

Patients with genotype 1 Hepatitis C   with normal alleles of the gene are more likely to achieve a more prolonged and more severe treatment results in comparison with other patients.

IFN is also often prescribed to patients with oncological diseases : malignant melanoma . pancreatic endocrine tumors . non-Hodgkin lymphoma . carcinoid tumors ; Kaposi's sarcoma Due AIDS ; hairy cell leukemia .   multiple myeloma . kidney cancer   etc..

It considered appropriate to its use in the thrombocythemia . eye disease Provoked herpes infection   and adenoviruses . shingles   (IFN-γ), multiple sclerosis   (IFN β-1a), as well as for prevention Flu   and SARS .

Contraindications

Interferon is not indicated in patients with hypersensitivity to it, as well as children and adolescents suffering from severe mental disorders   and disorders of the nervous system Which are accompanied by thoughts of suicide and suicide attempts, severe and protracted depression .

In combination with antiviral drug ribavirin   IFN is contraindicated in patients who are diagnosed with serious violations in the work kidney (conditions in which CC than 50 ml / min).

Interferon drugs are contraindicated in epilepsy   (in those cases where appropriate therapy does not give the expected clinical effect).

Side effects

Interferon belongs to the category of drugs that can cause a large number of adverse reactions from the various systems and organs. In most cases they are the consequence of the introduction of interferon in / n / or / m, but may provoke them and other pharmaceutical forms of the drug.

The most common adverse reactions to receiving IFN are:

• anorexia;
• nausea;
• chills;
• tremors.

Less frequently observed vomiting, drowsiness, dry mouth, hair loss ( alopecia ) asthenia ; nonspecific symptoms resembling flu-like symptoms ; back pain, depression . musculoskeletal pain , Suicidal thoughts and suicide attempt, malaise, taste disturbance and concentration, irritability, sleep disorders (often insomnia ) hypotension , Confusion.

Rare side effects include: pain in the right upper abdomen, rash on the body (erythematous maculopapular and), increased anxiety, pain and inflammation at the site marked the introduction of the drug in injectable form, secondary viral infection   (including infection herpes simplex virus ), Increased dryness of the skin, itch . pain in the eyes . conjunctivitis , Blurred vision, impaired function lacrimal glands , Anxiety, mood lability; psychotic disorders Including hallucinations , Increased aggression, etc .; hyperthermia . dyspeptic symptoms , Respiratory disorders, weight loss, tachycardia , Loose stools, myositis . hyper- or hypothyroidism , Hearing impairment (up to complete its loss), the formation of pulmonary infiltrates, increased appetite, bleeding gums,   convulsions   in the extremities, dyspnea , Renal failure, and the development of renal failure . peripheral ischemia . hyperuricemia . neuropathy   etc..

Treatment with drugs can provoke IFN reproductive disorders . Primate studies showed that interferon violates the menstrual cycle in women . In addition, women undergoing a course of treatment with IFN-α, decreased level Estrogen   and progesterone   at serum .

For this reason, in the case of interferon-purpose women of childbearing age must use barrier contraception . The men of reproductive age are also encouraged to inform about potential side effects.

In rare cases, treatment with interferon may be associated ophthalmologic disorders, which are expressed in the form retinal hemorrhage . retinopathy   (including but not limited macular edema ), Focal changes of the retina, visual acuity reduction and / or limitation of the visual field, papilledema . neuritis of the eye (the second cranial) nerve . obstruction of arteries   or retinal vein .

Sometimes, in patients receiving interferon can develop hyperglycemia . symptoms of nephrotic syndrome . diabetes . renal failure . Patients with diabetes   can worsen the clinical picture of the disease.

It is not excluded likelihood colitis . pancreatitis . cerebrovascular hemorrhage . myocardial infarction . erythema multiforme . tissue necrosis   at the injection site, cardiac and cerebrovascular ischemia . gipertriglitseridermii . sarcoidosis (or worsening its course) Lyell's syndrome   and Stevens-Johnson .

The use of interferon as monotherapy or in combination with Ribavirin   in rare cases can cause aplastic anemia   (AA) or PAKKM ( full aplasia of bone marrow ).

Also registered cases when on the background of treatment with interferon in patients develop different Autoimmune   and immune-mediated disorders   (including idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura   and disease Moshkovitsa ).

Interferon, instructions for use

Instructions for use of interferon alpha, beta and gamma states that before a patient receives medication, it is recommended to determine how sensitive to it microorganisms , Which became the cause of the disease.

The method of administration of human leukocyte interferon is determined depending on a patient diagnosis. In most cases, it is administered by subcutaneous injection, but in some cases, the drug may be administered in a muscle or a vein.

The dose for the treatment, maintenance dose and duration of treatment is determined depending on the clinical situation and the response of the patient to his assigned therapy.

"Children" interferon - a candle, drops and ointment.

Instructions for use of interferon for Children recommends the use of this drug as a treatment and as a preventive tool. The dose for infants and older children picks physician.

In prophylactic INF applied as a solution, which is used for the preparation of distilled or boiled water at room temperature. The final solution is red and opalescent. Keep it should be in the cold no more than 24-48 hours. The drug is instilled into the nose of children and adults.

At ophthalmic viral diseases   the drug is prescribed in the form of eye drops.

The recommended dose for instillation conjunctival cavity   the affected eye infection - 2 drops (dropped them every two hours). The multiplicity instillation - not less than 6 per day.

Once symptoms of the disease is reduced, the volume of instillation should be reduced to a single drop. The course of treatment - from 7 to 10 days.

For the treatment of lesions caused by herpesviruses , A thin layer of the ointment applied to the affected areas of skin and mucous membranes twice a day, surviving 12 tichasovye intervals. The course of treatment - from 3 to 5 days (until fully restore the integrity of the impaired skin and mucous membranes).

For prevention ARI   and Flu   must be lubricated with ointment nasal passages . The multiplicity of procedures for the 1st and 3rd week of the course - 2 times a day. During the 2nd week it is recommended to make a break. In prophylactic interferon should be used during the entire period epidemics of respiratory disease .

Candles interferon is administered rectally. The recommended dose of instructions - 1 suppository 1 or 2 times per day. The course of treatment - from 5 to 10 days.

The duration of the course of the rehabilitation of children who often have recurrent viral and bacterial infections of the respiratory tract . Otolaryngology . recurrent infections Induced herpes simplex virus It shall be two months.

Tablets interferon is recommended to take a dose of 2050 IU per kilogram of body weight (not to exceed 1 million IU).

How to breed and how to use interferon in ampoules?

Instructions for use of interferon in ampoules indicates that the vial before use is necessary to open, pour it with water (distilled or boiled) at room temperature up to the mark on the vial, corresponding to the 2nd mL.

Content gently shaken until complete dissolution. The solution was introduced into each nasal passage   twice daily for five drops, maintaining intervals between injections at least six hours.

For therapeutic purposes, IFN beginning to take at the first flu symptoms . The efficacy of the higher than before the patient starts taking it.

The most effective method is considered to be inhalation (through the nose or mouth). To take one inhalation recommended contents of three vials of drug dissolved in 10 ml of water.

The water is preheated to a temperature not exceeding +37 ° C. Procedures performed inhalations twice a day, keeping an interval therebetween of at least one-two hours.

When spraying or instillation of the contents of the ampoule were dissolved in two milliliters of water and administered at 0, 25 ml (or five drops) in each nostril three to six times per day. Duration of treatment - 2-3 days.

Nose drops for children as a preventive measure buried (5 drops), twice a day, in the early stages of the disease increases the frequency of instillation: the drug should be administered at least five or six times a day, every hour or two.

Many people wonder whether it is possible to drip into the eyes of interferon solution. The answer to this question is yes.

Overdose

Overdoses of interferon are not described.

Cooperation

β-IFN is compatible with corticosteroids   and ACTH. Do not take it in the period of treatment myelosuppressive drugs , Including cytostatics   (it can provoke additive effect ).

Precautions β-IFN administered with agents which clearance largely depends on the cytochrome P450   ( antiepileptic drugs Some antidepressants   and etc.).

It should not be taken simultaneously and α-IFN Telbivudine . The simultaneous use of α-IFN provokes mutual reinforcement of action against HIV . In a joint application with   Phosphazide   It can mutually enhance myelotoxicity   both drugs (it is recommended to carefully monitor the amount of change granulocytes   and hemoglobin levels ).

Terms of sale

To release the drug requires a prescription.

Storage conditions

Interferon is stored in a cool, sheltered from sunlight at a temperature of +2 to + 8 ° C. List B.

Shelf life

24 months. Ready interferon solution at room temperature is stable for 3 days.

Cautions

Interferon - what is it?

Interferons - a class have similar properties glycoproteins That are produced by cells of vertebrates in response to various kinds of inducers both virus and viral nature.

According to Wikipedia, to the active substance was classified as interferon, it must have a protein nature, have expressed antiviral activity   towards various viruses At least in homologous (similar) cells "mediated cellular metabolic processes involving synthesis of RNA and protein."

Classification of IFN, proposed by the WHO and interferonovym Committee, based on antigenic differences in their physical, chemical and biological properties. In addition, it takes into account their species and cellular origin.

Antigen (antigen specificity) IFN can be divided for acid and acid labile. By acid-related alpha and beta interferons (also referred to as IFN I type). It is acid-labile interferon-gamma (IFN-γ).

α-IFN produced peripheral blood leukocytes   (leukocytes B- and T-type), so he had previously designated as leykotsitary interferon . There are currently at least 14 of its versions.

β-IFN produce   fibroblasts So it is also called fibroblast .

Former designation of γ-IFN - immune interferon , As it stimulated produce T-lymphocytes of type . NK-cells   (normal (natural) killers, from the English "natural killer"), and (presumably) Macrophages .

The basic properties and mechanism of action of IFN

Without exception, characterized polyfunctional IFN activity against target cells. The most common feature is their ability to induce in them antiviral state .

Interferon is used as a therapeutic and prophylactic agent for various viral infections . A feature of IFN preparations is that their effect is weakened by repeated injections.

The mechanism of action of IFN is linked to its ability to inhibit   viral infections . As a result of treatment with interferon in a patient's body around source of infection   It formed a barrier of resistance to Virus   uninfected cells, which prevents the further spread of infection.

Interacting with the still intact (intact) cells, it prevents the implementation of the reproductive cycle   Virus   by activation of certain cellular enzymes ( protein kinases ).

The most important functions of interferons believe the ability to inhibit hematopoiesis ; modulate immune response and inflammation reaction; regulate the processes of proliferation and differentiation of cells; inhibit growth and prevent the breeding viral cells ; antigens ;  

  .

 

. Kagocel . Neovir . . Tilorona . TSikloferon   and etc..

Analogs

Match code ATC 4th level:

• Nazoferon
• Viferon
• Infagel
• IFN-EU-Lipint
• IFN-EU
• IFN-Lipint
• Altevir
• Algeron
• Genferon Light
• Genferon
• Grippferon

. . . . Viferon .

. . .

. .

. . .

• at   ;
• at ;
• at ;
•     (eg, Mumps   or varicella );
• treatment .

 

infectious diseases Including .

SARS

stomatitis   and .

pregnancy   and between .

acetaminophen .

immunity .

Ribavirin

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Oscillococcinum

Description overdue on 12.12.2014

• Latin name: Oscillococcinum
• ATC code: V03AX
• Active substance: Anas barbariaelium, hepatic et cordis extractum
• Manufacturer: "Laboratoires Boiron", France

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• Composition
• Product form
• Pharmacological action
• Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics
• Indications
• Contraindications
• Side effects
• Instructions for use (method and dosage)
• Overdose
• Cooperation
• Terms of sale
• Storage conditions
• Shelf life
• Analogs
• Reviews
• Price, where to buy

Composition

One dose contains 0, 01 ml Anas barbariaelium, hepatic et cordis extractum. As further components, the presence of lactose (150 mg) and sucrose (850 g).

Product form

Available in the form of homeopathic granules white.

Pharmacological action

This drug is a homeopathic . It is used for the prevention and treatment of viral infections to stimulate nonspecific resistance of the organism.

Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics

No data available.

Indications

This preparation is used for prevention and treatment of diseases such as:

• SARS   (from myalgia , Body aches, headache . fever   and chills );
• flu .

Contraindications

The drug should not be taken if:

• fructose intolerance;
• sucrase-izomaltaznoy failure;
• glucose-galactose malabsorption ;
• hypersensitivity   to any component of the medication.

Side effects

You may experience allergic reactions .

Instructions for use (method and dosage)

The pellet must be put under the tongue for 15 minutes before a meal or 1 hour later and hold until it is completely dissolved. The dose depends on the age and stage of the disease being treated.

At expressed stages of the disease to take one dose in the morning and one dose in the evening for one to three days. If throughout days symptoms of do not pass, as well picking up, you must address for the help to the doctor.

At the initial stage of the disease must take one dose, and then again two or three times at intervals of six hours.

For prevention SARS   and Flu   must take one dose per week.

Oscillococcinum children

For children Oscillococcinum must be dissolved in a small amount of water and give the baby using a bottle with a pacifier or a spoon.

Otsilokoktsinum pregnant

Pregnant Oscillococcinum can be applied only on doctor's prescription.

Overdose

Cases of overdose of these drugs have not been described.

Cooperation

This drug does not preclude the use of other drugs.

Terms of sale

The drug is available in pharmacies without a prescription.

Storage conditions

Store must be in a dark place at temperatures from 15 to 25 degrees.

Shelf life

Shelf life of the drug for five years.

Analogs

Match code ATC 4th level:

• Baby Dantinorm
• Korizaliya
• Longidaza
• Gomeovoks

The most close analogues of are:

• Sulfur ;
• Gelsemium ;
• Ferrum phosphoricum ;
• Belladonna .

Reviews

According to reviews, the children Oscillococcinum greatly helps reduce the incidence of SARS. When using Oscillococcinum nursing mothers condition improves within the first day. No side effects were observed.

Price Oscillococcinum, where to buy

Price Oscillococcinum in Russia on average 285 rubles per 6 pieces. In Ukraine, the average cost is 161 UAH.

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Fluimucil

Description overdue on 05/16/2014

• Latin name: Fluimucil
• ATC code: R05CB01
• Active substance: Acetylcysteine ​​(Acetylcysteine)
• Manufacturer: Zambon, Switzerland

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• Composition
• Product form
• Pharmacological action
• Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics
• Indications
• Contraindications
• Side effects
• Instructions for use Fluimucil (method and dosage)
• Overdose
• Cooperation
• Terms of sale
• Storage conditions
• Shelf life
• Cautions
• Analogs
• Babies
• During pregnancy (and lactation)
• Reviews
• Price, where to buy

Composition

1 tablet   It contains acetylcysteine   600 mg additional substances: sodium bicarbonate, citric acid, lemon flavoring, Aspartame .

1 packet of granules   It contains acetylcysteine   200 mg Excipients: beta-carotene . Aspartame , Sorbitol, orange flavor.

1 ml solution for injections and inhalations   It contains 100 mg of acetylcysteine , 1 vial - 300 mg acetylcysteine , Additional substances: sodium hydroxide, disodium edetate and water.

Product form

Pills   effervescent, soluble in water, and two blisters 10 pcs.

Granules   in multilayer packages to dissolve in water and of a solution.

The solution   in dark glass vials 3 ml.

Pharmacological action

It has a mucolytic effect. Acetylcysteine   It breaks the disulfide bonds in mucopolysaccharides sputum, thereby facilitating its dissolution and separation. Even in case of purulent sputum maintains its effectiveness.

The drug inhibits the adhesion of bacteria to the epithelium of the bronchial mucosa and stimulates the cells that synthesize substances cleaving fibrin strands. The same effect acetylcysteine   It has on the secret of mucous upper respiratory tract.

The product provides Antioxidant   effect has cytoprotective   action and neutralize toxins.

Acetylcysteine   anti-inflammatory effect due to the property to suppress the formation of free radicals responsible for the development of inflammation in the lung tissue.

Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics

After the maximum concentration of the drug in the blood occurs within 1-3 hours. Bioavailability is about 10%. It penetrates into the lungs, bronchial secretion, liver and kidneys; through the placenta.
Excreted in the urine, elimination half-life - 1 hour, cirrhosis   is 8 hours.

Indications

• difficulty in expectoration in the pathology of the respiratory system ( laryngotracheitis , Tracheitis, bronchitis . pneumonia , Bronchiolitis, a lung abscess, emphysema, cystic fibrosis, bronchiectasis, atelectasis, which is caused by obstruction of the bronchi of the mucous plug);
• otitis . sinusitis   (catarrhal and purulent);
• facilitating separation of viscous secretion from respiratory organs (post-traumatic and post-operative states);
• rinsing the nasal passages, middle ear, sinuses, abscesses, fistulas, the treatment areas of intervention during operations on the mastoid or the nasal cavity;
• Preparation for aspiration drainage, bronhografii, bronchoscopy.

Contraindications

• aggravation of gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer;
• idiosyncrasy acetylcysteine ;
• lactation;
• to granules   - Children up to two years;
• to effervescent tablets   - Children and adolescents under 18 years.

Reception of a solution prepared from granules Children under 2 years of age is permitted under the supervision of a physician for health reasons.

In gastric ulcer, hemoptysis, asthma , Hypertension, pulmonary hemorrhage, phenylketonuria , Kidney and liver failure, varicose veins of the esophagus are used carefully.

Intravenous administration of the drug to children under 1 year of exercise for health reasons, under the supervision of a physician.

Side effects

Digestive System : Nausea, vomiting, heartburn, heaviness in the stomach, diarrhea .

Allergic reactions : There are cases bronchospasm . hives , Itchy skin.

Other symptoms may be very rare: tinnitus, nasal bleeding, collapse.

In the case of a Aerosol : Irritant effect on the respiratory tract, cough reflex character, rhinorrhea, rarely - bronchospasm.

Intramuscular administration may cause hives, burning at the injection site, in the case of long-term use - abnormalities in the kidneys and liver.

Instructions for use Fluimucil (method and dosage)

For adult use inside effervescent tablets   - 1 tablet (600 mg) once a day, after dissolving in a third of a glass with water.

Granules   used for both adults and children, is soluble in water (one-third cup).

Dosage:

• Children older than 6 years and adults - 600 mg per day in 3 divided doses;
• for children 2 - 6 years prescribed 200 mg twice a day;
• 1 - 2 years - 100 mg twice daily.

For newborns drug use under the supervision of a specialist for health reasons, following the dose of 10 mg / kg body weight of the child. Children in the first year of life, give drink syrup from the spoon or bottle.

The course of treatment is on average in the acute course - 5-10 days, chronic - a few months.

In physiotherapy for inhalation using a 10% solution in an amount of 3-9 ml. The duration of inhalation 20 min, 2 to 4 times per day.

In the case of using the drug in bronchoscopy   for therapeutic purposes, is used for washing ampoules 1-2 bronchi.

The external auditory meatus is instilled in a dose up to 300 mg per once.

For use in rhinitis   There is a special form - nose drops.

When administered intravenously (bolus or slow infusion) or intramuscular dose was determined as follows:

• adults - 300 mg 2 times a day;
• children 6-14 years 150 mg 2 p / day;
• children up to 6 years - a rate of 10 mg / kg.

Children under the age of 1 year acetylcysteine   is administered in a hospital for health reasons.

The duration of treatment depends on the patient's condition.

In the case of cough for children under 6 years of age should be given preference for oral administration.

For intravenous administration of the preparation is diluted 0, 9% NaCl solution in equal amounts. The duration of treatment in the case of intravenous administration, must not exceed 10 days.

In elderly patients, the instruction in Fluimucil points to the need to apply the minimum effective dose.

Overdose

Taking the drug in an amount of 0, 5 c. per kg per day does not cause overdose.

Cooperation

Joint reception with a cough medicine that suppress the cough reflex, contribute to the stagnation of phlegm.

The use of tetracyclines (except doxycycline), amphotericin and ampicillin reduces the effect of both antibiotics And acetylcysteine Therefore the interval between the administration of these groups of drugs should not be less than 2 hours.

Antiplatelet and vasodilatory effect nitroglycerin   is enhanced by concomitantly with Fluimutsilom.

Acetylcysteine   It can reduce the toxic effect paracetamol   liver.

With other medicinal solutions compatible pharmaceutically.

Terms of sale

OTC - pills   and granules .

Prescription - solution .

Storage conditions

Away from children, storage temperature not exceeding 25 ° C.

Shelf life

3 years - pills   and granules .

5 years - solution .

Cautions

Fluimucil prescribed to patients with asthma   and obstructive bronchitis   with caution and under constant control of patency of the bronchi.

Not recommended to be used in patients with phenylketonuria Because the drug contains Aspartame .

To dissolve only use glass containers and avoid contact with rubber and metal surfaces.

Sulfur smell arising when opening the package with the granules, a conventional odor peculiar active substance.

Analogs

Match code ATC 4th level:

• Ambroxol
• Fluifort
• Flavamed
• Ambrogeksal
• ACC
• Atsistein
• Mucosolvan
• Bromhexine

ACC . Wicks-asset ekspektomed

Fluimucil or ACC - which is better?

Both formulations contained the same active ingredient. Manufacturer and differ only in price, and even then only slightly. For example, bags 6 ACC   dose of 600 mg cost 127 rubles. And Fluimucil - 10 tab. 174 rubles. So, what drug to choose for themselves to decide the buyer.

Babies

Apply on the testimony according to the instructions on the drug.

During pregnancy and lactation

If you need to use a medicine when pregnancy You need to weigh the benefits to the mother and the risk to the fetus.

During the period of lactation when the need for use of the drug-feeding should be discontinued.

Reviews Fluimutsile

Fluimucil quite popular for use cough. Numerous reviews tend to be positive. There have been good results of cough - Fluimucil quite effective in both adults and children. The forums at the request of the young mothers recommend a good cough syrup Fluimucil many recall exactly. Perhaps the only drawback of the drug is the formation of large amounts of phlegm.

Also, nasal drops are popular - a lot of positive feedback for use in the case of rhinitis.

Price Fluimucil where to buy

In Russia, the average price of tablets Fluimucil is 200 rubles. In Moscow, pack of 10 tablets of 600 mg dose is 174 rubles., And granules can be bought for 186 rubles. 20 packages.

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Cooking food at home is bad for health?

December 16, 2014

Related Articles:

• Reviews of preparation Betalok
• Price Concor AM 10 +10
• Fever in children
• Two meals a day promotes weight loss

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Traditionally, people believe that home-made food and, consequently, the habit of cooking at home instead of buying ready-made food, it is more useful. Nevertheless, even in this matter is not really all so clearly. According to the researchers, who work at the University of Rush (United States), very often foodies who cook at home, so passionate about the process of improving the food that is added to a wide variety of food sauces and other ingredients that are harmful to human health.

Experts recently conducted a detailed analysis of the information relating to about 3 thousand women. Taken into consideration data about how much time the ladies spent to prepare meals, as well as details about the state of their organisms. Be particularly careful to scientists interested in the development of Metabolic syndrome , So that a person increases the probability of vascular disease, heart, diabetes. Signs of metabolic syndrome is obesity As well as a high level of cholesterol .

It was found that the most common symptoms of the metabolic syndrome were found in women who spend a lot of time to cook a meal at home kitchen. Scientists note that the preparation of meals at home people often use excessive amounts of oil, fat and salt. Besides triggered a psychological factor: spending a lot of time and effort to prepare lunch or dinner, people have a certain way considers itself obliged to eat everything to the last crumb. In the process of cooking the mistress, of course, constantly trying the food, which also contributes to weight gain.

According to experts, the most optimal method of supply - is to buy ready-made dishes made from high-quality and healthy products. It is desirable to choose the dishes that are sold in batches, which will prevent the possibility of overeating.

We should not forget that in the human diet should have no place large amounts of salt. According to experts from the Welsh Centre of preventive, epidemiological and clinical studies, if products with a high content of salt appear on the table of the consumer too often, the risk of his headaches increased by 30%.

Doctors say that the use of a day more than 8 grams of salt it can adversely affect the condition of the body, in particular, to provoke a manifestation headaches . In addition, salty foods leads to increased   Blood Pressure . A can worsen kidney function in the presence of a daily diet is greater than 4, 7 grams of salt. Therefore, experts strongly advised to review their habits in favor of healthy food.

Flavamed

Description overdue on 06/30/2014

• Latin name: Flavamed
• ATC code: R05CB06
• Active substance: Ambroxol hydrochloride (Ambroxol)
• Manufacturer: Berlin-Chemie AG, Germany

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• Composition
• Product form
• Pharmacological action
• Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics
• Indications
• Contraindications
• Side effects
• Instructions for use (method and dosage)
• Overdose
• Cooperation
• Terms of sale
• Storage conditions
• Shelf life
• Analogs
• Reviews
• Price, where to buy

Composition

As part of a single tablet contains 30 mg ambroxol hydrochloride   + Adjuvants ( corn starch, croscarmellose sodium, lactose monohydrate, microcrystalline cellulose, povidone, magnesium stearate ).

Flavamed Syrup contains 15 ml of active substance per 5 ml, adjuvants (purified water, glycerol 85% hydroxyethylcellulose, raspberry flavor, benzoic acid, sorbitol   70%).

Product form

Tablets flavamed flat and round, with bevelled edges, scored on one side. Color - white or yellowish. In cardboard packs of 10, 20 or 50 pieces.

Yellowish brown or colorless, transparent solution, with the smell of raspberries. During dark glass bottles at 60, 100 or 20 ml.

Pharmacological action

Mucolytic.

Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics

The active substance - a derivative bromgeksina . It has strong mucolytic effect of increasing the share of serous a secret component of the bronchi . There is a decrease in viscosity Sputum And its output is accelerating due to the stimulation of work mucociliary in the bronchi. The drug increases the permeability barrier of the vascular system of the lungs, the bronchi, the system   Surfactant , By exposing the clara cell   and pneumocytes   the second type.

Within an hour after entry into the body, the drug begins to operate, the peak is reached after 3 hours. Is metabolized in the liver, 90% of the active substance is bound to plasma proteins. The output unchanged Ambroxol   and its metabolites occurs via the kidneys, this period is about 8-12 hours.

In severe liver and kidney diseases pharmacokinetic figures vary. The drug penetrates well into breast milk, overcomes blood-placenta barrier .

Indications

Diseases of the respiratory tract, which form a viscous sputum:

• bronchitis ;
• pneumonia ;
• bronchial asthma ;
• bronchiectasis ;
• chronic obstructive pulmonary disease .

Sometimes medication is prescribed for respiratory distress syndrome   in neonates and premature infants.

Contraindications

• allergy At which any of the components in the vehicle;
• stomach ulcers and 12 duodenal ulcer;
• 1 trimester of pregnancy and lactation;
• convulsions ;
• it is not recommended to use the drug if motor function of bronchi   broken or secret excreted in large quantities.

Side effects

Headache, abdominal pain, nausea, allergy . vomiting . breathlessness Weakness.

Instructions for use (method and dosage)

Instructions on flavamed tablets

Tablets drink after a meal, drinking water, do not chew. Without consulting with a specialist, the treatment should not exceed five days.

Adults and children who have reached the age of 12, appoint 90 mg per day for three meals. That is, 1 tablet three times a day. Thereafter, the dosage was reduced to 1 tablet 2 times per day.

Instructions for use syrup flavamed

The maximum daily dose of cough syrup for adults is 120 mg (4 scoops, 2 times). It is recommended to take 90 mg of syrup in the first couple of days of illness, and 60 mg in the next.

The daily dosage of syrup for children 6-12 years of age is 30-40 mg; 2-5 years - 22, 5 mg; up to 2 years - 15 mg.

Flavamed Forte, instruction for children

Children 12 years of age should take one measuring spoon 3 times a day.

At the age of 6-12 years - half a spoon 2-3 times a day.

Flavamed for children from 2 to 5 years is prescribed for a quarter of a spoon 3 times a day.

Until two years - a quarter of a spoon 2 times a day.

Overdose

Diarrhea . anxiety . vomiting , Reduction pressure   and strong salivation. It should be at least 2 hours to wash out the stomach, take fatty foods, to make the elimination of unpleasant symptoms.

Cooperation

Almost does not occur. Simultaneous reception and Flavamed antibiotics   increases the concentration of the latter in sputum and bronchopulmonary secretions .

Terms of sale

You can buy without a prescription.

Storage conditions

Cool, place inaccessible to children.

Shelf life

Tablets - 2 years.

Syrup - 3 years after opening - six months.

Analogs

Match code ATC 4th level:

• Ambroxol
• Fluifort
• Ambrogeksal
• Fluimucil
• ACC
• Atsistein
• Mucosolvan
• Bromhexine

The closest: Mucosolvan, mukolvan, ambrobene, mukosol, lazoleks, ambrosprey .

Another analogy: flyuditek, Fluimucil, Pulmozyme, ambrogeksal, pektolvan, mukolik, milistan cough Bromhexine, ACC, acetal, neo-bronchodilator, atsestad, Maddox, bronhoval, ambrolitin, ambroxol, Abrol, ambrobene .

Reviews flavamed

Reviews on the forums good. The drug is quickly and effectively fights the cough, phlegm quickly and well off. Side effects substantially do not occur. Many have noted the low cost drugs.

Reviews on flavamed children

Flavamed and flavamed Forte, because of its relative safety, often given to young children, even newborns. Conveniently, the medication is produced in the form of syrup (no need to dissolve the tablet) has a pleasant taste. The drug effectively, but it can cause an allergic reaction, especially in very young children.

Price flavamed where to buy

Price flavamed tablets is about 159 rubles per 20 pieces to 30 mg.

The syrup costs about 194 rubles per 100 ml.

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