Dysplasia

April 22, 2012

Related Articles:

• Cervical cancer
• Cervical dysplasia grade 2
• Colposcopy of the cervix
• Symptoms of cervical cyst

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Dysplasia - A common name for a condition in which a person takes the wrong development of body parts, tissues, organs. When dysplasia in humans incorrectly formed some organs or tissues during fetal development, as well as after birth. For dysplasia is a characteristic change in shape, size, structure, cells, organs, tissues. As a rule, dysplasia is a congenital, but sometimes the disease occurs after birth and into adulthood. This term is taken to apply to various diseases, which becomes the basis for the anomaly of a cell, tissue or organ.

Cervical dysplasia

Cervical dysplasia   a precancerous condition: women with this diagnosis occurs many times the probability of cervical cancer . However, cervical dysplasia is not yet evidence of an absolute probability of such an outcome. In the development of cervical dysplasia occur in women hyperplasia   (ie, thickening) proliferation   (ie sprawl), and there is disruption of differentiation, maturation and aging and the subsequent rejection of the epithelial cells. Depending on how pronounced these pathological disorders, we can talk about three different degrees of cervical dysplasia: light . moderate   and heavy . To determine the current degree of the disease, it is taken into consideration the depth of penetration of the pathology.

Today, there are studies showing that the pathological processes of the cervix occur in every fourth woman.

Cervical dysplasia develops symptoms due to some reasons. This can be exogenous factors (I.e. derived from the external environment): herpes A number of diseases that are sexually transmitted infection human papilloma viruses . That human papillomaviruses play a leading role in the issue of provocation of cervical dysplasia.

As endogenous factors   (ie coming from the internal environment) determine the hormonal imbalance, reduced immunity . In addition, the development of dysplasia and provoke confounding factors.

To carry out a full diagnosis, it is necessary to apply a number of studies, appropriate in each individual case. In the process of diagnosis used colposcopy . This study involves a survey of cervical patient on the gynecological chair by a special device. During this inspection, the image is increased 10-30 times. During the colposcopy, a woman does not feel pain.

To obtain more accurate data used in the diagnosis extended colposcopy, in which the doctor examines the epithelium, as well as diagnostic tests applied. Holding control colposcopy accurately take tests to determine pockets of cervical dysplasia. Do not feel sick any discomfort and pap smears for Cytology . To do this with the help of special brushes are derived epithelial cells from the cervical canal and the surface of the cervix. Also, epithelial cells taken from an outbreak of dysplasia.

If the patient was detected cervical dysplasia, and there is a pattern of pathological cytology specialist assigns conduct Biopsy   cervix. Typically, this procedure is performed using a local anesthesia . During the colposcopy biopsy under the control of the altered tissue is removed from the source of the disease. After that the histological examination of the sample. This method of diagnosis accurately determine the appropriate approach to the treatment of the disease.

If cervical dysplasia was found in the cervical canal, sometimes carried out endocervical curettage and analysis of tissue that has been removed.

Treatment of cervical dysplasia

Method of treatment of cervical dysplasia, having a high effect is considered to be the destruction of the hearth dysplasia, laser photocoagulation, radio wave coagulation, cauterization by liquid nitrogen. If necessary, use one of these methods combined with antiviral treatment or therapy of diseases that are transmitted through sexual contact.

It is important for the treatment of cervical dysplasia women who did not give birth, conducted the most gentle methods. After the process of cauterization of the cervix may appear tripe Which subsequently can affect the course of delivery. Scar neck revealed a lot worse, so often in such a situation, recourse to   caesarean section .

Today is actively used for the treatment of cervical dysplasia fundamentally new techniques. Progressive methods considered argon-ablation   cervix. This method involves the action of the plasma, which generates an ionized argon. This tool does not touch the tissue, and the penetration depth is precisely controlled. A similar technique is used to treat both parous and nulliparous women.

As methods for preventing cervical dysplasia and recurrence of the disease is important to ensure adequate nutrition, which includes foods high in selenium, vitamin A , B vitamins and other trace elements and vitamins. Women are advised to give up smoking completely, mandatory use barrier contraception during casual sexual contacts, and at least once a year to visit the gynecologist.

Hip dysplasia

The disease is currently diagnosed frequently. It is characterized by incorrect placement of elements of the hip joint. All tissues of the hip joint are underdeveloped, resulting in pathology such acetabulum, the femoral head and the surrounding ligaments and muscles located correctly. In young children hip dysplasia   called congenital predvyvih . subluxation . dislocation . immature hip joint .

The cause of this disease is considered to delay the development of the hip joint during the prenatal period as a consequence of a bad heredity, infections in the mother, her older toxemia , Breech presentation, and a number of other factors.

In this case, extremely important as early as possible to diagnose the problem, because a newborn baby continues to be formed joint. Therefore, the use of the correct approach to the treatment after the timely diagnosis allows to restore the correct ratio in the hip before the age of three children. At the same time, in the absence of treatment the patient's condition worsens child each month.

Congenital dislocation of the hip diagnosed even in the maternity hospital. Then he re-examines the orthopedic baby in the first weeks of life and in the age of three months. The most common hip dysplasia detected due to the presence of some characteristic symptoms.

In a sick child from the defeat of a limitation of passive hip abduction in varying degrees depending on the particular pathology. With time limit diversion becomes more pronounced.

Also, your child has a so-called symptom "click" : During the abduction reduce a dislocated leg and arm at the same time feel a click. If the baby legs lead to the middle line, the dislocation of the femoral head occurs again, and again hear a click. This symptom generally disappears within a week after the birth of the baby, but sometimes with muscle hypotonia it lasts longer.

A child with dysplasia asymmetrical folds of skin on the thighs. On the side, where a dysplasia, there is more of the folds. They are located deeper and higher.

When the baby sleeps, his leg is set to external rotation, that is, there is a rotation of the foot. Lower limb dysplasia can be shortened. Such symptoms may also appear in combination, or separately. It is important to contact a podiatrist at the slightest suspicion.

Early diagnosis of the disease can be carried out through the use of ultrasound. This method does not harm the child and allows you to monitor its status over time.

At the time of diagnosis of hip dysplasia in newborns is actively used radiological methods. X-ray is performed for children who have turned three months. X-ray shows the degree of dislocation that allows you to assign the correct therapy.

If hip dysplasia is assigned a complex treatment that involves the use of multiple therapies. First of all, the treatment position requires broad and imposing swaddling baby buses . Carrying out of therapeutic massage Which comprises from ten to fifteen sessions, while necessary to repeat the course of about a month. Also good effect physiotherapy, which is carried out several times a day, doing all the exercise ten times. The method of treatment of the disease is selected depending on the severity of disease and the age of the sick child. Ideally, treatment of hip dysplasia should start even in the maternity hospital.

To cure a congenital predvyvih practiced the use of special diverting tires Vilna. To be in the bus the child must continuously for four months. There are many other buses, which are also often used in the treatment process on doctor.

If the child's treatment was started early, it can be put on the legs at the age of 8-11 months. Yet conservative method of treatment does not always give the desired result. Sometimes the child is shown holding a surgery. A similar operation is carried out when the child is a year, and it is applied at the irreducible dislocation, reduction in complications of early dislocations.

When the child grows up, it is recommended to ride a bicycle, legs wide apart, doing gymnastics in warm water, to swim, to carry out regular exercises therapeutic exercises.

Connective tissue dysplasia

Connective tissue dysplasia   develops in children, both in utero and after birth. Thus the development of connective tissue is broken. The tissue cells comprise fibers and extracellular matrix. It is widespread in humans and equipped in the skin, bone, cartilage, vascular wall and in the blood. The most important role in the structure of the fiber fabrics play. It collagen Which is responsible for maintaining the shape and elastin Who is responsible for the ability to relax and reduce.

Connective tissue dysplasia is a genetically determined disease, because the basis for the development of the disease is mutation of genes that are responsible for the synthesis of fibers. These mutations occur in different genes, and as a result holds malformation chains of collagen and elastin. Those structures were formed under their influence, they can not withstand strong mechanical loads.

Connective tissue disease hereditary nature are usually subdivided into differentiated   and undifferentiated .

As a rule, people with connective tissue dysplasia, tall, thin and stooped, they are the scapula and clavicle. However, patients may have a small stature and very fragile body composition.

Connective tissue dysplasia appears very diverse symptoms while patients tend to have a lot of different complaints. Accordingly, the diagnosis is not always easy.

However, in most cases, people are turning to specialists with complaints of cardiac nature. They also present vegetative symptoms : Can manifest hypotension . feeling of general weakness . headache   etc. Moreover, in patients with connective tissue dysplasia often occur various dyspeptic symptoms . constipation . flatulence , Abdominal pain uncertain.

Also, patients with this disease may develop respiratory problems - namely, repetitive bronchitis . pneumonia That causes congenital weakness of the walls of the alveoli and bronchi. In addition, a history of such patients tend to appear Hernia . flatfoot . weakness . hypomyotonia . kyphoscoliosis . poor appetite . Doctors are the following warning signs that a person has developed connective tissue dysplasia too low body weight, the presence of chest deformation, the presence of various pathologies of the spine (this can be scoliosis . hyperkyphosis . hyperlordosis ). In addition, evidence of this illness dolichostenomelia (too long limbs, hands and feet, which generally makes the body asymmetrical), hypermobility of joints, deformed limbs, skin, through which lurks vascular grid, the ears are very soft.

To properly diagnose, requires a very thorough examination of the patient and further study. For the examination of the patient he carried ultrasound and analysis dysbiosis . In the process of examination of the patient is also necessary to check the status of view, the presence of ENT pathologies.

People with connective tissue dysplasia is very important to take seriously the issue of family planning, because this pathology parents with children are born with the same disease. Parents must realize that the most difficult task is to fight the already established dysplasia, so the treatment of dysplasia of the baby have to deal with immediately after diagnosis. With early treatment may prevent its progression.

In the treatment of connective tissue dysplasia integrated approach, which uses both non-drug and medication therapies.

For the treatment of necessary medication used drugs that stimulate the production of collagen in the body. In this case, the treatment is applied ascorbic acid . drugs mucopolysaccharide nature , Reception B vitamins   and trace elements ( zinc . copper . magnesium ).

As a non-drug therapy is used the correction mode of the day, psychological support, massage, physiotherapy, acupuncture , Physical therapy exercises. People who suffer from connective tissue dysplasia, can not play sports, implying severe stress. So in this case it is a therapeutic exercise. It is also important to adjust the power of the patient, so that he gets enough proteins . amino acids   and microelements .

It is important to take into account that the positive effect of the treatment is possible only in case of an early diagnosis and a comprehensive approach to therapy.