April 22, 2012
- Cervical cancer
- Cervical dysplasia grade 2
- Colposcopy of the cervix
- Symptoms of cervical cyst
Cervical dysplasia
Cervical dysplasia a precancerous condition: women with this diagnosis occurs many times the probability of cervical cancer . However, cervical dysplasia is not yet evidence of an absolute probability of such an outcome. In the development of cervical dysplasia occur in women hyperplasia (ie, thickening) proliferation (ie sprawl), and there is disruption of differentiation, maturation and aging and the subsequent rejection of the epithelial cells. Depending on how pronounced these pathological disorders, we can talk about three different degrees of cervical dysplasia: light . moderate and heavy . To determine the current degree of the disease, it is taken into consideration the depth of penetration of the pathology.
Cervical dysplasia develops symptoms due to some reasons. This can be exogenous factors (I.e. derived from the external environment): herpes A number of diseases that are sexually transmitted infection human papilloma viruses . That human papillomaviruses play a leading role in the issue of provocation of cervical dysplasia.
As endogenous factors (ie coming from the internal environment) determine the hormonal imbalance, reduced immunity . In addition, the development of dysplasia and provoke confounding factors.
To carry out a full diagnosis, it is necessary to apply a number of studies, appropriate in each individual case. In the process of diagnosis used colposcopy . This study involves a survey of cervical patient on the gynecological chair by a special device. During this inspection, the image is increased 10-30 times. During the colposcopy, a woman does not feel pain.
To obtain more accurate data used in the diagnosis extended colposcopy, in which the doctor examines the epithelium, as well as diagnostic tests applied. Holding control colposcopy accurately take tests to determine pockets of cervical dysplasia. Do not feel sick any discomfort and pap smears for Cytology . To do this with the help of special brushes are derived epithelial cells from the cervical canal and the surface of the cervix. Also, epithelial cells taken from an outbreak of dysplasia.
If the patient was detected cervical dysplasia, and there is a pattern of pathological cytology specialist assigns conduct Biopsy cervix. Typically, this procedure is performed using a local anesthesia . During the colposcopy biopsy under the control of the altered tissue is removed from the source of the disease. After that the histological examination of the sample. This method of diagnosis accurately determine the appropriate approach to the treatment of the disease.
If cervical dysplasia was found in the cervical canal, sometimes carried out endocervical curettage and analysis of tissue that has been removed.
Treatment of cervical dysplasia
It is important for the treatment of cervical dysplasia women who did not give birth, conducted the most gentle methods. After the process of cauterization of the cervix may appear tripe Which subsequently can affect the course of delivery. Scar neck revealed a lot worse, so often in such a situation, recourse to caesarean section .
Today is actively used for the treatment of cervical dysplasia fundamentally new techniques. Progressive methods considered argon-ablation cervix. This method involves the action of the plasma, which generates an ionized argon. This tool does not touch the tissue, and the penetration depth is precisely controlled. A similar technique is used to treat both parous and nulliparous women.
As methods for preventing cervical dysplasia and recurrence of the disease is important to ensure adequate nutrition, which includes foods high in selenium, vitamin A , B vitamins and other trace elements and vitamins. Women are advised to give up smoking completely, mandatory use barrier contraception during casual sexual contacts, and at least once a year to visit the gynecologist.
Hip dysplasia
The disease is currently diagnosed frequently. It is characterized by incorrect placement of elements of the hip joint. All tissues of the hip joint are underdeveloped, resulting in pathology such acetabulum, the femoral head and the surrounding ligaments and muscles located correctly. In young children hip dysplasia called congenital predvyvih . subluxation . dislocation . immature hip joint .
The cause of this disease is considered to delay the development of the hip joint during the prenatal period as a consequence of a bad heredity, infections in the mother, her older toxemia , Breech presentation, and a number of other factors.
Congenital dislocation of the hip diagnosed even in the maternity hospital. Then he re-examines the orthopedic baby in the first weeks of life and in the age of three months. The most common hip dysplasia detected due to the presence of some characteristic symptoms.
In a sick child from the defeat of a limitation of passive hip abduction in varying degrees depending on the particular pathology. With time limit diversion becomes more pronounced.
Also, your child has a so-called symptom "click" : During the abduction reduce a dislocated leg and arm at the same time feel a click. If the baby legs lead to the middle line, the dislocation of the femoral head occurs again, and again hear a click. This symptom generally disappears within a week after the birth of the baby, but sometimes with muscle hypotonia it lasts longer.
A child with dysplasia asymmetrical folds of skin on the thighs. On the side, where a dysplasia, there is more of the folds. They are located deeper and higher.
When the baby sleeps, his leg is set to external rotation, that is, there is a rotation of the foot. Lower limb dysplasia can be shortened. Such symptoms may also appear in combination, or separately. It is important to contact a podiatrist at the slightest suspicion.
Early diagnosis of the disease can be carried out through the use of ultrasound. This method does not harm the child and allows you to monitor its status over time.
At the time of diagnosis of hip dysplasia in newborns is actively used radiological methods. X-ray is performed for children who have turned three months. X-ray shows the degree of dislocation that allows you to assign the correct therapy.
If hip dysplasia is assigned a complex treatment that involves the use of multiple therapies. First of all, the treatment position requires broad and imposing swaddling baby buses . Carrying out of therapeutic massage Which comprises from ten to fifteen sessions, while necessary to repeat the course of about a month. Also good effect physiotherapy, which is carried out several times a day, doing all the exercise ten times. The method of treatment of the disease is selected depending on the severity of disease and the age of the sick child. Ideally, treatment of hip dysplasia should start even in the maternity hospital.
To cure a congenital predvyvih practiced the use of special diverting tires Vilna. To be in the bus the child must continuously for four months. There are many other buses, which are also often used in the treatment process on doctor.
If the child's treatment was started early, it can be put on the legs at the age of 8-11 months. Yet conservative method of treatment does not always give the desired result. Sometimes the child is shown holding a surgery. A similar operation is carried out when the child is a year, and it is applied at the irreducible dislocation, reduction in complications of early dislocations.
When the child grows up, it is recommended to ride a bicycle, legs wide apart, doing gymnastics in warm water, to swim, to carry out regular exercises therapeutic exercises.
Connective tissue dysplasia
Connective tissue dysplasia is a genetically determined disease, because the basis for the development of the disease is mutation of genes that are responsible for the synthesis of fibers. These mutations occur in different genes, and as a result holds malformation chains of collagen and elastin. Those structures were formed under their influence, they can not withstand strong mechanical loads.
Connective tissue disease hereditary nature are usually subdivided into differentiated and undifferentiated .
As a rule, people with connective tissue dysplasia, tall, thin and stooped, they are the scapula and clavicle. However, patients may have a small stature and very fragile body composition.
Connective tissue dysplasia appears very diverse symptoms while patients tend to have a lot of different complaints. Accordingly, the diagnosis is not always easy.
However, in most cases, people are turning to specialists with complaints of cardiac nature. They also present vegetative symptoms : Can manifest hypotension . feeling of general weakness . headache etc. Moreover, in patients with connective tissue dysplasia often occur various dyspeptic symptoms . constipation . flatulence , Abdominal pain uncertain.
Also, patients with this disease may develop respiratory problems - namely, repetitive bronchitis . pneumonia That causes congenital weakness of the walls of the alveoli and bronchi. In addition, a history of such patients tend to appear Hernia . flatfoot . weakness . hypomyotonia . kyphoscoliosis . poor appetite . Doctors are the following warning signs that a person has developed connective tissue dysplasia too low body weight, the presence of chest deformation, the presence of various pathologies of the spine (this can be scoliosis . hyperkyphosis . hyperlordosis ). In addition, evidence of this illness dolichostenomelia (too long limbs, hands and feet, which generally makes the body asymmetrical), hypermobility of joints, deformed limbs, skin, through which lurks vascular grid, the ears are very soft.
To properly diagnose, requires a very thorough examination of the patient and further study. For the examination of the patient he carried ultrasound and analysis dysbiosis . In the process of examination of the patient is also necessary to check the status of view, the presence of ENT pathologies.
People with connective tissue dysplasia is very important to take seriously the issue of family planning, because this pathology parents with children are born with the same disease. Parents must realize that the most difficult task is to fight the already established dysplasia, so the treatment of dysplasia of the baby have to deal with immediately after diagnosis. With early treatment may prevent its progression.
In the treatment of connective tissue dysplasia integrated approach, which uses both non-drug and medication therapies.
For the treatment of necessary medication used drugs that stimulate the production of collagen in the body. In this case, the treatment is applied ascorbic acid . drugs mucopolysaccharide nature , Reception B vitamins and trace elements ( zinc . copper . magnesium ).
As a non-drug therapy is used the correction mode of the day, psychological support, massage, physiotherapy, acupuncture , Physical therapy exercises. People who suffer from connective tissue dysplasia, can not play sports, implying severe stress. So in this case it is a therapeutic exercise. It is also important to adjust the power of the patient, so that he gets enough proteins . amino acids and microelements .
It is important to take into account that the positive effect of the treatment is possible only in case of an early diagnosis and a comprehensive approach to therapy.
Rickets - A disease that mainly develops in a person's childhood and infancy. This disease is known to mankind for a long time. Thus, the mention of this illness have been found in the manuscripts of the ancient physicians. The first clear symptoms of rickets were described in the seventeenth century in England. By the way, British doctors call this disease " misty disease ", As rickets is most often seen in children of working people who constantly live in the smog, it arises from the smoking factories. Yet the real cause of the disease has been identified only 1980s . 
It means a lot in the formation of bone tissue Vitamin D Since without it the body can not absorb calcium. Accordingly, the mineral, which is the main material for the structure of the bone tissue does not enter the bone. Consequently, a lack of vitamin D in the body is considered the main cause of rickets. But recently, it has become possible to determine the concentration of vitamin D metabolites in the blood. As a consequence, it was found that vitamin D deficiency is just one of the causes of rickets. Today experts say that the main reason is the lack of rickets Phosphates and calcium While priority is hypophosphatemia . 
To diagnose rickets expert can after detailed examination with a clinical picture of the disease. Furthermore, blood tests to determine the levels of calcium, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase activity. If the activity is increased, then this is the earliest sign of the disease. Moreover, it can be detected before symptoms manifest visible disease. Also sometimes it appointed a urine test to determine the concentration of calcium in it. The study also assigned to conduct X-ray examination of bones of the child. 
The fact that the baby can get sick rickets, the expectant mother should think about it during pregnancy. Therefore, prevention of rickets begins during fetal development. A pregnant woman should have a balanced diet. Every day you need to eat vegetables, meat, dairy products. For a pregnant woman is important the correct mode of the day, gymnastics, treatment toxemia Anemia. Throughout the period of gestation of the child must take vitamin complexes, which picks up a doctor. Expectant mother should do everything to ensure that the fetus develops harmoniously. 
Dysbacteriosis kishechnika- is a condition in which a child is a violation of the ratio of Representatives gut Which should be observable in a normal state. If guided by the criteria of the World Health Organization, the goiter do not carry disease. For example, many scientists believe that dysbiosis - a consequence of the presence in humans of other pathologies. However, goiter in children yavletsya a serious problem and a threat to health. 
The signs of dysbiosis have a baby is often denser stool consistency, reducing the number of feces, difficult process of bowel movement. In this case, the child may cry, make an effort, be a strong concern. He may occasionally occur as small abdominal distention . However, these signs may be evidence of other ailments, so the child necessarily need to show the doctor. In the second stage of dysbiosis may also occur at times unstable chair. For this phenomenon is characterized by periodic diarrhea, has an unpleasant smell and some admixture of green. In the third stage of dysbiosis in children, which is called decompensation , Increasing the quantity and variety of pathogenic bacteria in the gut of the baby. This stage is characterized particularly severe symptoms of dysbiosis. Sick child turns pale, he was constantly lethargic, has a poor appetite and thus lose weight. Disbkterioz in infants less than one year of age, can occur atopic dermatitis ( diathesis ). At the third stage of the disease and unhealthy baby chair: odorous, liquid consistency, it may contain particles of food that is not digested. Similar phenomena - the result of failure enzymes Which manifests itself at this stage. If the child has signs of dysbiosis manifested described, then he may need treatment in a hospital, because such a state shortfall threatens the infant needed nutrients. 
Dysbacteriosis infants manifested frequent regurgitation, recurrent vomiting, the presence of bad breath, sleep disorders. In addition, symptoms of dysbiosis is often a decrease in the rate of increase of weight, constant anxiety nursing infant. The character of stool dysbacteriosis is different, but always unhealthy: it can be a liquid or pasty, frothy, sometimes it contains lumps of white, greenish impurity. The smell of feces putrid or sour. 
First of all, the treatment of dysbiosis in children involves the creation of the necessary conditions of life for the child. It is proved that dysbiosis often affects children who are in conditions of constant stress and overstrain , Rarely in the open center. 
Even during pregnancy the woman should take care of the future baby's intestinal health and take as little medication as possible, avoiding antibiotic treatment. It is also proper nutrition of the pregnant woman: it is strongly recommended to use fruit, berries and juices. The food that is difficult to digest, from the diet is better to exclude. 
Enuresis - A condition in which children older than five years, night or day comes involuntary urination . Enuresis in children spread widely enough, this disease is very often turn to experts. What signs of enuresis clearly expressed, and diagnosis is easy, sometimes gives the impression that the disease can be quickly and easily cured. But in fact such a violation requires an individual approach to treatment, because in each case the disease can trigger other reasons. Therefore, parents and children should be aware that the treatment of enuresis continues sufficiently long period, and for its successful completion requires a lot of effort and patience from all family members. Attempts unsystematic treatment are often unsuccessful. 
All of the above types of enuresis in children is caused by the different reasons. The most important factor which affects the appearance and fluorescent secondary enuresis considered emotional stress . At the same time the manifestation of primary nocturnal enuresis, usually occurs due to delay ripening centers of the brain or shortage vasopressin . 
In the case of nocturnal enuresis diagnosis is mainly guided by the patient's complaints, as well as carried out the study of history, both individual and family. To date, there are studies showing that if the bedwetting episodes occurred in the father or mother, then the risk of developing the disease in a child increases by about three times. 
To date, the treatment of enuresis is conducted by doctors who work in different fields of medicine. A versatile approach to the treatment of the disease is important in order to effectively eliminate all the causes that lead to enuresis in children 
In the treatment of the parents should pay attention to the features diet child. It is important to significantly limit the amount of liquid as well as those products which promote frequent urination. After dinner, before bedtime fluid intake must be limited to the maximum. Also, special attention should be paid to monitoring the use of products that contain caffeine - They have a diuretic effect. 
Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) It is one of the most common diseases in infants. It should be remembered that the original iron part of hemoglobin. Therefore, the deficit necessarily lead to fainting kid, slow psychomotor and physical development, but also reduces the resistance of small infections. It is important to carry out in a timely manner blood test . It should be interested in this criterion every time at the hospital performed the above analysis. 
The problem colic in newborns - One of the most important in the first year of life and is one of the first reasons for seeking medical help. 
Timalin 
TSikloferon 
Uro-Vaks 
Engistol 
Imunofan 
Imunoriks 
Tsitovir 3 
Imudon 
Lavomax 
Amiksin 
Immunomax 
Immunal 
Enzistal P 
Pancreatin 
Penzital 
Pangrol 
Ermital 
Creon 
Abomin 
Festal 
Mezim 