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Hyperplasia develops as a result of many different influences that affect cell proliferation stimulating. So, can trigger the development of hyperplasia tissue growth factors, oncogenic substances antigenic stimuli, loss of some reasons of the tissue or organ. As physiological hyperplasia taken to determine the proliferation of mammary epithelium during pregnancy Manifestation of glandular endometrial hyperplasia in the period before the onset of menses and other similar manifestations.
As an example, hyperplasia, which progresses in pathological conditions, can be called increase in the number of structural elements myeloid tissue in patients with certain forms of anemia . Hyperplastic processes also occur in the lymphoreticular tissue lymph nodes In the spleen as the immune response in diseases of infectious nature.
The cells can reproduce an indirect or direct ( mitotic or amitotic ) Division in the process of increasing the protein-synthetic function of the cell. Initially there is an increase amount of intracellular structures - the so-called intracellular hyperplasia .
Endometrial hyperplasia of the uterus - is overgrowth of the endometrium (the inner lining of the uterus), which acquires a pathological form. The endometrium suffer changes during the menstrual cycle in women. The endometrium due to the impact that hormones increased waiting fertilized egg. However, if conception still occurs, it begins to diminish, and go along with the remains of secretions during menstruation. Then the cycle changes happening again.
Symptoms of endometrial hyperplasia
There are several different types of uterine hyperplasia: glandular . glandulocystica atypical hyperplasia I endometrial (another name - adenomatosis ), and endometrial polyps ( lobular hyperplasia ).
Hyperplasia of the uterus often occurs without any symptoms, and find this pathology during routine inspection by ultrasound. That is why it is recommended that all women twice a year undergo a pelvic examination.
Sometimes endometrial hyperplasia occur intermittently uterine bleeding dysfunctional nature. Such bleeding often occur after a woman says another delay menstruation, more rarely bleeding occur in a regular cycle. Enough common today is considered the identification of endometrial hyperplasia in the process of examination of patients who turn to experts in connection with the infertility . Hyperplasia of the uterus affects the pregnancy due to the following factors. First, patients with a similar disease may not advance ovulation due to the presence of hormonal disorders. Secondly, it is practically impossible to implant an embryo in the endometrium, which occurred in pathological changes.
In this situation, all efforts aimed at the treatment of infertility, will fail as long as the woman does not pass the course of treatment the main causes of infertility - endometrial hyperplasia.
Causes of endometrial hyperplasia
Diagnosis of endometrial hyperplasia
Proper installation of the diagnosis in this case has a direct impact on the subsequent treatment of infertility, and is one of the most important factors in preventing endometrial cancer.
In the process of diagnostics specialist must take into account the fact that in different types of uterine hyperplasia observed varied g istologicheskaya picture . Therefore conducted a thorough study of the structure portions microscopic mucosal growths, which are obtained in the process Biopsy . When glandular and glandular-cystic hyperplasia observed about the same symptoms, but in the second case, they are more pronounced. In the presence of endometrial polyps hyperplasia has a focal character. If a patient is diagnosed atypical hyperplasia, then the uterus structural changes of the mucosa, endometrial cancer grow more pronounced. In this case, doctors determine the condition of the patient as a precancerous condition of the endometrium.
The most dangerous type of uterine hyperplasia is its ferrous form which manifested itself again after scraping and exhibits pronounced resistance to hormone therapy.
To make a diagnosis of endometrial hyperplasia, are widely used, some common ways. The most commonly used for this purpose ultrasound pelvis. By results of US experienced specialist can diagnose " endometrial polyps "And to determine whether there is a thickening of the endometrium. However, to date diagnostic accuracy of this method is no more than sixty percent.
The method can be qualitatively examine ehogisterosalpingografii tubal patency. In the process of research the doctor sees on the screen of the uterus and sodeet determine the presence of features that are typical of endometrial polyps and hyperplasia.
To perform aspiration or biopsy of the endometrium, it is necessary to start the process in the second half of the menstrual cycle of women. To perform this procedure, a specialist should be entered under ultrasound specifically for the used tool into the uterus. Next, with the help of a little trapped tissue that will become a model for study under a microscope. But an experienced doctor takes into account that this method can also show an incomplete picture of what is happening. After a biopsy is not always done precisely where the center is available hyperplasia.
At the moment, the most accurate way to diagnose uterine hyperplasia considered hysteroscopy. This method is as follows: the uterus is injected optical system and use it to target biopsy is performed. In addition, in the process of hysteroscopy can review and assess the condition of staying the uterine wall.
Treatment of endometrial hyperplasia
The most important step in the treatment of uterine hyperplasia is the removal of pathologic mucosal site. Scraping specialist under the control hysteroscopy. After that, be sure to conduct histological study of the mucosa. When the center hyperplasia completely removed, appointed by holding hormone therapy. Guided by the presence of certain symptoms in the patient, the specialist assigned to receive estrogen-progestin preparations, pure progestogens or GnRH agonists.
A method for treating endometrial hyperplasia selected individually, the process lasts at least three months. In more rare cases, hormone therapy takes about six months. To determine how effective the therapy, a second study by biopsy. If there is a severe form of hyperplasia, a specialist can decide on the advisability of removing the uterus.
Thyroid hyperplasia
Most thyroid hyperplasia develops in parallel with the appearance of other diseases. In other cases, this pathology manifests itself without a clear and obvious reasons. To distinguish the two forms of this type of hyperplasia: Anchor and diffuse . Sometimes hyperplasia develops in the background euthyroidism . hypothyroidism . gepertireoza .
The disease can develop evenly, with enlarged thyroid gland will be proportionate. But in some cases, iron is increased only on one side. When hyperplasia in iron can form nodules, but the disease can occur without such symptoms. It may also be formed cyst Markedly change the density of the thyroid gland. In some forms of hyperplasia gland becomes softer, with others - firmly. Fixed cases where due to hyperplasia of the thyroid gland becomes larger in volume by three to four times.
That increase in cancer is the main symptom of the disease. Later, the patient may manifest as difficulty in breathing, trouble swallowing and passage of food through the esophagus. In the process of developing the disease appears a decrease or an increase in function of the gland.
Diagnosis of the disease is carried out by ultrasound of the thyroid gland. Also thyroid function tested using radioactive iodine.
As a precaution, hyperplasia of the thyroid gland is important to constantly consume iodized salt.
Prevention of endometrial hyperplasia
The most important preventive measures hyperplasia is considered an active fight against overweight , Avoid stressful situations, immediate treatment is manifested
violations of the menstrual cycle. What is important is the regular gynecological exam for women.
In some cases, young women doctor may recommend hormones for prevention, which reduce the risk of hyperplasia and endometrial cancer. Every woman should be aware that in cases of uterine bleeding should be treated to a specialist immediately.
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