Respiratory diseases

December 13, 2012

Related Articles:

• Noksprey
• Aldetsin
• Reviews on kodterpin
• Strong headaches and eye

Tweet

Respiratory system consists of a person nasal passages . larynx . trachea . larynx . bronchi   and light . Human lungs are surrounded by a thin connective sheath, which is called pleura . Right and left lungs are in the chest. Light - a very important body, as from his work depends, and the bloodstream. Therefore, in diseases of the lungs, in which damage lung tissue disturbed respiratory functions, not only, but also pathological changes occur in the human circulation.

Activity respiratory controls respiratory center Which is located in the medulla oblongata.

Causes respiratory diseases

The main reason why a person develops respiratory diseases are pathogens. These are viruses, bacteria, fungi, and more rarely - parasites. Typically, as the pathogens are allocated pneumococci . mycoplasma . Haemophilus influenzae . Legionella . Chlamydia . Mycobacterium tuberculosis . respiratory viral infections . influenza viruses type A and B .

In some cases, the disease is the only type of agent. In this case we are talking about monoinfection Which is diagnosed more often. Less commonly occur in humans mixed infection Caused by several types of pathogens.

In addition to these reasons, the factors that provoke respiratory diseases may be external allergens . In this case, we are talking about household allergens that is dust and house dust mites, which are often the cause of asthma. Also, the human respiratory system may be affected by animal allergens, yeasts and mold spores and fungi, pollen from a variety of plants, as well as allergens from insects.

Negatively affect the state of these bodies, some professional factors. In particular, in the process of electric welding allocated evaporation steel, nickel salts. In addition, respiratory diseases provoke some medicated drugs, food allergens.

Negative impact on human respiratory system has polluted air, which recorded high levels of certain chemicals; household pollution in residential areas, the climatic conditions are poorly suited to man; active and passive smoking.

As precipitating factors stands out as too frequent use of alcohol and other chronic diseases of man, foci of chronic infection in the body, the genetic factor.

Symptoms of respiratory diseases

Each specific respiratory diseases manifest certain symptoms. However, experts allocate some symptoms that are characteristic of several diseases.

One of these features is considered breathlessness . It is divided into subjective   (in this case, the person complains of shortness of breath during an episode of hysteria or neurosis) objective (a person changes the rhythm of breathing, as well as the duration of exhalation and inhalation) and the sochetannuju   (there is an objective dyspnea accession subjective component, where the respiratory rate increases in some diseases). In diseases of the trachea and larynx is shown inspiratory   shortness of breath, at which hampered breath. If the bronchi are affected, there is expiratory dyspnea, which is difficult when already exhale. Mixed   shortness of breath characteristic of pulmonary embolism .

Severe forms of dyspnea is considered suffocation Occurring in acute pulmonary edema . Sudden attacks of breathlessness are characteristic of asthma.

Cough   - Two of the most characteristic symptoms of respiratory diseases. Coughing occurs in humans as a reflex reaction to the presence of mucus in the larynx, trachea or bronchi. Also cough appears if the respiratory system gets a foreign body. At various ailments manifested different types of cough. In the dry pleurisy and laryngitis person suffers from bouts of dry cough, in which phlegm is not allocated.

Cough, at which allocated different amounts of sputum, characteristic of chronic bronchitis a . pneumonia . TB . oncological diseases of the respiratory system .

When inflammation in the bronchi or throat cough, usually permanent. If a person is sick flu . ARI   or pneumonia , The cough bothers him periodically.

In some diseases of the respiratory system of the patient manifests itself hemoptysis In which, together with phlegm when you cough blood is released. This symptom may occur in some severe diseases of the respiratory system, and cardiovascular ailments.

In addition to the above symptoms of patients with respiratory diseases may complain of pain. The pain may be localized in different places, sometimes it is directly related to breathing, coughing spells or a certain position of the body.

Diagnostics

To diagnosed patient correctly, the doctor should review the patient's complaints, to inspect and examine with palpation, auscultation, percussion. These methods allow you to define additional symptoms, allowing accurate diagnosis.

On examination can determine the pathology forms the chest and breathing characteristics - frequency, type, depth and rhythm.

During palpation voice can estimate the degree of jitter, which when pneumonia   can be enhanced, while pleurisy   - Weakened.

When examined using percussion can determine the decrease in the amount of air in the lung edema or fibrosis. If an abscess in the share or part of the share of light no air; in patients with emphysema, the air content increases. Furthermore, percussion allows to define a patient's lungs.

With auscultation can assess breathing and wheezing to listen to, the nature of which is different for different diseases.

In addition to these research methods are used as methods of laboratory and instrumental. The most informative are the different types of X-ray techniques.

With endoscopic techniques, which are bronchoscopy, thoracoscopy, you can identify some purulent diseases, as well as to detect tumors. Also via bronchoscopy can remove foreign substances, which fall inside.

In addition, methods are used functional diagnosis, by which to determine the presence of respiratory failure. Moreover, sometimes it is determined even before the first symptoms appear. To this end, the lung volume is measured by a method called spirography. We study the intensity of pulmonary ventilation.

Use in diagnostics laboratory tests to determine the composition of the sputum, which, in turn, is informative for disease diagnosis. With acute bronchitis sputum viscous, colorless, has a slimy character. With pulmonary edema   frothy sputum, without color, has a serous character. With tuberculosis . chronic bronchitis   greenish sputum viscous and has a muco-purulent. With lung abscess   sputum purely purulent, greenish, semi-liquid. In severe lung disease in sputum observed admixture of blood.

During the microscopic examination of sputum is determined by its cellular structure. It is also practiced urine and blood. All of these methods allow the study to diagnose diseases that affect the respiratory system, and appropriate treatment.

Treatment

Given the fact that respiratory diseases are among the most common diseases in both children and adults, treatment and prevention should be as clear and adequate. If respiratory diseases are not diagnosed in a timely manner, then subsequently treat human respiratory system is necessary for much longer, and the system becomes more complex therapy.

As pharmacological therapies used a number of tools that are assigned to the complex. In this case practiced causal treatment   (drugs that eliminate the cause of the disease) symptomatic treatment   (eliminates the main symptoms) maintenance therapy   (funds for the restoration of the functions that have been violated in the course of the disease). However, any medication should be prescribed only after a comprehensive survey of a physician. In most cases, the practice of application antibiotics Effective against a particular pathogen.

In addition, in the treatment of diseases applies other methods: physiotherapy, inhalations, manual therapy, exercise therapy, reflexology, chest massage, breathing exercises, and others.

For the prevention of respiratory diseases, given their structure and characteristics of the transmission of pathogens, using respiratory protection. It is important to use personal protective equipment (cotton-gauze bandage), being in direct contact with a person diagnosed with a viral infection.

Let us consider in more detail some of the common respiratory diseases, treatment and prevention methods.

Bronchitis

With the development of this disease is an acute inflammation of the bronchial mucosa, in rarer cases, all the layers of inflamed bronchial walls. Development of the disease provoked adenoviruses, influenza viruses, parainfluenza, a number of bacteria and mycoplasmas. Sometimes as bronchitis causes perform some physical factors. Bronchitis can develop on the background of acute respiratory disease, and in parallel with it. The development of acute bronchitis occurs when an impaired ability to filter the air upper respiratory tract. Furthermore, bronchitis often affects smokers, people with chronic inflammations of the nasopharynx, as well as the presence of the deformation of the chest.

Symptoms Acute Bronchitis Usually occur on the background laryngitis   or rhinitis . The patient complains of discomfort in the chest, he was concerned about attacks of dry or wet cough, weakness. Increases body temperature, and if the disease is very severe, the temperature is very high. Breathing is difficult, there is shortness of breath. In view of the DC voltage when coughing can manifest pain in the sternum and the abdominal wall. Some time later, the cough becomes wet and starts sputum. Typically, acute symptoms begin to subside by about the fourth day, and if the favorable course of the disease, the cure is possible by the 10th day. But if the ailment is attached to the bronchospasm Then bronchitis can pass away in chronic.

Tracheitis

With acute tracheitis the patient is mucosal inflammation of the trachea. It develops under the influence of bacterial, viral or viral-bacterial infections. Also, inflammation can develop under the influence of physical and chemical factors. The patient is observed swelling of the mucous membrane of the trachea, a dry cough, hoarse voice, difficulty breathing. Concerned about coughing fits, which develops as a result of a headache. Cough appears in the morning and at night, the temperature rises slightly, malaise is weak. Acute tracheitis sometimes becomes chronic.

Laryngitis

With laryngitis   inflammation of the mucous membrane of the larynx and affects the vocal cords. Doctors are divided on laryngitis chronic catarrhal   and chronic hypertrophic . Depending on the intensity and extent of the pathological process appears certain clinical picture. Patients complain of hoarseness, sore and dry throat, a constant feeling of a foreign body in the throat, cough, in which phlegm is separated difficult.

Genyantritis

With sinusitis develops inflammation of the maxillary sinuses .  Usually it is seen as a complication of certain infectious diseases .  Sinusitis appears under the influence of viruses or bacteria that enter through blood or nasal cavity in the maxillary sinus .  When the sinus patient is constantly worried about the growing discomfort in the nose and the area around the nose .  The pain becomes more intense in the evening, gradually moving into a common headache .  Sometimes sinusitis develops on the one hand .  Nasal breathing is difficult, changing the voice becomes nasal .  Sometimes the patient notes that the nostrils laid alternately .  Nasal discharge may be either transparent and mucous or pus, having a greenish tint .  But if the nose is strongly laid, mucus can not stand .  Body temperature sometimes rises to 38 degrees, and sometimes even higher .  Furthermore, in humans there is a general malaise .

Rhinitis

Rhinitis , I.e. runny nose - is inflammation of mucous membrane of the nasal cavity, in which there is nasal congestion, excretion, nasal itching. Rhinitis is usually manifested as a consequence of strong undercooling by bacteria or viruses. Separately allocated nasal allergy Manifested in people who are prone to allergic reactions. The disease develops under the influence of a variety of allergens - pollen, mites, animal dander, and others. Provided acute   and chronic   form of the disease. Chronic rhinitis - a consequence of external factors that violate the power of the nasal mucosa. Also, the disease may become chronic with frequent inflammations occurring in the cavity. To treat this disease should be a doctor, because chronic rhinitis may go to genyantritis   or sinusitis .

Angina

Acute illness of an infectious nature, in which there is inflammation of the tonsils and lymph nodes , Regional to them. The pathogen multiplies in the tonsils, after which sometimes spreads to other organs, causing complications of the disease. After strep throat   a person does not develop immunity . The disease begins with a general feeling of weakness, chills, headache. There pain when swallowing , Aches in the joints. Body temperature may rise to 39C. Gradually, the pain in the throat become more intense. Submandibular lymph nodes are increased, there is their pain. There redness palatal handles, a uvula, tonsils. Also, there are sometimes on the tonsils ulcers   or the place where the accumulated pus.

Pneumonia

With pneumonia It occurs under the influence of pneumonia infection. Affects the alveoli, which are responsible for the blood oxygen saturation. The disease causes a wide spectrum of pathogens. Pneumonia is often manifested as a complication of other diseases of the respiratory system. The most common illness seen in children, the elderly and people with weakened protective forces of the body. Pathogens are disease in the lungs, getting there via the respiratory tract. Symptoms appear rapidly: the temperature rises to 39-40 degrees, developed chest pain and cough with purulent sputum. At night, the patient worried about heavy sweating, and in the afternoon - a weakness. If you do not take timely treatment of the disease, likely fatal.

Tuberculosis

Infectious disease that causes tuberculosis mycobacteria. With tuberculosis   the patient develops an allergy cell specific granulomas in various organs and tissues. Gradually affects the lungs, bones, joints, lymph nodes, skin and other organs and systems. If you do not practice proper treatment, the disease ends lethally. It should be noted Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistance to various influences. Infection occurs through airborne droplets. If a person has TB infection detected, then it is assigned a full course of therapy with tuberculosis. Treatment long, it takes up to eight months. In severe cases, surgery is practiced - removes part of the lung.

Prevention of respiratory diseases

The most simple, but very important method of prevention of diseases of this type is considered to increase the time that a person spends outdoors. Equally important are often aired.

It should give up smoking, as well as regular use of alcohol as well as the respiratory system, especially those habits affect negatively. Indeed, harmful substances which are present in tobacco, as well as in alcohol, into the lungs and injure them, and also adversely affect the mucous membranes. In hard-core smokers more often diagnosed lung cancer , and emphysema light . chronic bronchitis .

As other methods of prevention practice special breathing exercises, preventive inhalation of herbs, as well as using essential oils . People who are prone to respiratory diseases, it is recommended to grow in the home as many indoor plants, which produce oxygen .