Leukoplakia

September 3, 2012

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Leukoplakia - A disease that affects the mucous membranes of the red border of the lips, mouth, or genitals. At the same time inflammation develops as a response to exogenous chronic irritation. Such a condition referred to as facultative precancer. With the development of leukoplakia is a process of thickening and keratinization of the surface epithelium. Leukoplakia appear in the form of amendments, which have the appearance of whitish-gray plaques or films. Sometimes the tone of such plaques may be pearl. As a rule, it is flat, but sometimes a little rise above the normal tissues of the mucous membrane. Most often this disease affects men after the age of forty.

Types and causes of leukoplakia

Defining clinical disease, several forms of leukoplakia: verrucose . flat . erosive . leukoplakia Tappeynera .

Signs   flat leukoplakia   are flat pockets hyperkeratosis Having a different shape and gray-white color. With a simple leukoplakia mnogoslony squamous epithelium is thickened by a granular and basal layers.

Verrucous form of leukoplakia It is seen against the background of a flat form of the disease. There are two different types of form verrucous leukoplakia: patchy   and borodovchataya . The main manifestation of this form is to increase tissue. In this case, it is important to keep track of all the changes as fast and intense actinic seal may indicate the transition process in the malignant form.

If the patient develops erosive form of leukoplakia , In this case, a characteristic symptom is intermittent pain in the site of the lesion. Multiple or single erosion occur on the background of hyperkeratosis. This form of leukoplakia often pereholdit in malignant disease.

Leukoplakia Tappeynera   also called nicotinic leykokeratozom sky. This disease develops in people who smoke a lot for a long time. In this form of the disease occurs defeat the hard and soft palate may also be affected gingiva. At this point, the mucosa becomes grayish-white, on it may pucker. Against the background of these changes stand out multiple reddish dots that look like small nodules. It extended the salivary glands.

Until today there is no accurate data on the etiology of this disease. But most of the experts view the development as a leukoplakia mucosal response to the influence of external stimuli. However, it is not excluded effect of endogenous factors. In this case it is the pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract, which occurs due to the reduced resistance to the mucosa irritants affecting it. Additionally, actinic can occur as a consequence of metabolic disorders   vitamin A a lack of this vitamin in the body.

In addition, a certain influence on the development of leukoplakia have genetic factors. The disease also develops under the influence of external factors - thermal . chemical . mechanical   effect. If these factors are combined, the effect can be particularly pronounced.

Oral leukoplakia   often develops in hard-core smokers: a constant presence in the mouth of hot smoke has a negative impact on the state of the mucous membrane. The negative impact on oral health and injury arising under the influence of dentures made of dissimilar materials.

Leukoplakia language and a red border gu b can occur when trauma during smoking, constant lip during cauterization dokurivanii cigarettes, due to adverse meteorological conditions. Sometimes the appearance of leukoplakia is related to occupational disease. So, to provoke leukoplakia can influence the products of the dry distillation of coal.

Thus, among the factors affecting the development of leukoplakia, allocated endogenous factors, exogenous factors, as well as the process of involution and morphological changes in the functional properties of the mucous membrane of the genitals.

The symptoms of leukoplakia

Leukoplakia Symptoms depend on what factors triggered the illness, which is localized lesions, as well as its form. Leukoplakia of the cervix sometimes also captures the area of ​​the vaginal mucosa. It may also develop leukoplakia vulva. Sometimes the spread of the disease is also noted on the mucous membrane of the cervical canal.

Oral leukoplakia, usually manifests itself on the buccal mucosa, the lower lip, near the corners of the mouth. Less evident leukoplakia Language hit his back or side surface.

Leukoplakia develops gradually: from the appearance of the disease before its transition into a malignant form goes through several different stages. Initially, there comes predleykoplakicheskaya stage At which begins a little inflammation of the mucous certain area. This is followed by a relatively quick process keratinization of this site . If leukoplakia development continues, the affected area gradually rises above the surface of healthy mucosa. So manifest verrucous leukoplakia Whereby hyperplastic changes replaced by metaplastic changes. Subsequent stages of the disease often becomes   erosive form . Consequently, all forms of leukoplakia constitute a single process of pathological changes.

Transition into a malignant form of the disease is possible at each stage of development of the disease. In most cases the malignant processes occur in case of leukoplakia language.

Cancer develops when changes leukoplakia individually if one patient the disease is transformed into cancer over the decades, then another man this can happen in a matter of months.

There are some clear signs that that begins the process of transition to a malignant form of the disease. On activation of this process can say that if there is an active expression of erosions and appearing under one of the sealing sides keratinized area. It is turning into a malignant form of erosive leukoplakia bleeding if it hurt. In addition, there is ulceration, papillary growths formed on the surface of erosion, increase the size of the affected area. It should be noted, and the fact that in the early stages of the transition process in the malignant form of the disease such symptoms may not occur. Therefore pockets verrucous and erosive leukoplakia should be removed as soon as possible, while spending histological examination.

Leukoplakia of the bladder

Experts note that currently leukoplakia of the bladder is relatively rare. However, the trend toward more frequent manifestations of this form of leukoplakia in recent years, still exists. With the development of this form of the disease is the loss of mucosal epithelium of the bladder under the influence of chronic inflammation. As a result, the mucous membrane plaques appear, which are raised above the normal mucosal sites. The occurrence of chronic inflammation of the bladder, in turn, developed under the influence of any pathogenic Or pathogenic microflora . Consequently, there is every reason to talk about the relationship with leukoplakia sexually transmitted diseases . Most leukoplakia of the bladder seen in women, since there is a link with the disease cervical erosion .   dysplasia of the vaginal epithelium . chronic adnexitis .

The symptoms of leukoplakia of the bladder is similar to the manifestation chronic cystitis : Pain in the lower abdomen, frequent urination, urinary incontinence .

However, urine is not evidence of pronounced inflammatory changes. In addition to a general analysis of urine for the diagnosis of the disease, it is important to conduct a urine culture, a urine sample for Nechiporenko, general and biochemical blood. In addition, the patient must make a diagnosis of urogenital diseases. Sometimes it requires Biopsy   cystoscopy and bladder. This research using cystoscopy accurately determine the presence of leukoplakia of the bladder. Such a study is conducted by inspection using cystourethroscopy - Special endoscopic apparatus.

Diagnosis of leukoplakia

The diagnosis is based on examination of the genitals and other locations in diseased as well as clinical data, which if necessary confirmed by histological examination. It is also important to differentiate the disease from illnesses with similar clinical picture: lupus erythematosus . lichen planus .   syphilitic papules As well as certain forms of candidiasis .

In the process it is important to determine the diagnostic features of the disease: Is developing a simple leukoplakia or holds basal cell hyperactivity and cell atypia.

Treatment of leukoplakia

If a patient is diagnosed with leukoplakia signs of basal cell hyperactivity and atypia, the treatment of the disease involves excision of the affected area. Modern medicine offers the use of laser therapy for this purpose. If a patient diagnosed with leukoplakia of the cervix, then the selection of the correct tactics of treatment to determine the state of endocervical. In most cases, treatment of leukoplakias of the cervix to reduce the use of coagulation (i.e., cauterization) lesion. For this purpose, a surgical laser, and a radio wave. This procedure should be made obligatory on 5-7 days of the menstrual cycle.

Treatment of disease with chemicals to cauterize less preferred, as this happens cervical injury. As a consequence, elasticity of the cervix is ​​markedly reduced, and there are a variety of complications. If a woman has been diagnosed with an infection before starting therapy leukoplakia should spend treatment of infectious disease. Otherwise, it increases the risk of defective wound cauterized or excised area.

After the treatment a woman should refuse completely from sexual intercourse for 4-6 weeks. During this time the cervical tissue can recover fully. Over one year after the procedure the patient should undergo preventive examinations once in three months

After treatment, the most preferred method leukoplakia Contraception considered the use of hormonal contraceptives. And here spermicides   should not be used until the complete healing of the tissues, as the impact of chemicals provokes erosion of the mucous membrane, which has already been subject to some mechanical stress. Use cervical caps and diaphragms are also not desirable: barrier methods of protection against unplanned pregnancy is allowed only condom.

Sometimes the development of simple leukoplakia doctor does not practice any interventions, stopping only to provide continuous monitoring of the patient and colposcopic control. With a simple leukoplakia vulva elderly patients recommended the use of local funds with moderate content estrogen .

If the patient is concerned about intense itching, it can be used hydrocortisone ointment And practice sitz baths. But while doctors do not recommend to practice traditional methods of treatment, for example, be used for tampons rosehip oil, sea buckthorn. Such methods can intensify the process of abnormal cells.

Treatment of leukoplakia of the bladder is initially limited to the careful treatment of urological and gynecological diseases that accompany this illness. Therefore practiced holistic approach to treatment, which includes a course antibiotics Process instillation of drugs into the bladder, ozone therapy, acupuncture , Physiotherapy. If necessary, coagulation produced lesions.

Sometimes the doctor may decide to carry out a resection of the bladder.

Treatment involves the use of oral leukoplakia oil solutions of vitamins, immune stimulant, tonic means.

Healing Tappeynera leukoplakia occurs after a person has fully renounces smoking.

Prevention leukoplakia

To avoid the disease leukoplakia, should pay particular attention to hygiene. In particular, it is important to make dental health, ensure rational prosthesis. Failure to protect against the risk of tobacco displays Tappeynera leukoplakia.

In addition, it is important to promptly identify and treat diseases, sexually transmitted diseases, correct hormonal disruptions in the female body, to prevent metabolic disorders and deterioration of the protective functions of the body.