Diphenhydramine

Description overdue on 23.01.2012

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Blocker of H1-histamine receptors . Mainly active substance acts Diphenhydramine . The mechanism of action is based on the inhibitory effect of the drug at the central cholinergic structures blocking the histamine H3 receptors in the brain. Diphenhydramine relieves itching attacks, tissue swelling, redness, prevents spasms of smooth muscle tissue, a positive effect on capillary permeability . Receiving oral forms of short-term causes numbness in the mouth. The drug has protivoparkinsonicheskogo, hypnotics, sedatives, anti-emetic effects. Thanks ganglia blocking cholinergic receptors lowers blood pressure, may exacerbate existing hypotension . In people with epilepsy, and local brain damage, even low doses can provoke diphenhydramine epileptic seizure And EEG observed activation of epileptic discharges. The drug is most effective when bronchospasm , Provoked reception Liberatore histamine (morphine, tubocurarine). The least effective drug with bronchospasm allergic genesis. Repeated receptions hypnotic and sedative effects are more pronounced. The drug takes effect an hour after entering the body, effective action can be extended to 12 hours. Diphenhydramine is available in tablet form, in the form of a solution, granules, a suppository, a gel.

Indications:

Diphenhydramine is prescribed for the relief of allergic reactions in itching dermatoses , Allergic dermatitis, rhinosinusitis, vasomotor rhinitis, acute iridocyclitis , Allergic conjunctivitis. The drug is used for insomnia, chorea, Parkinson's disease, radiation sickness, air, sea sickness, Meniere's syndrome , Vomiting in pregnant women. The medicament is assigned as premedication , With extensive soft tissue injuries and traumatic nature of the skin, with serum sickness, hemorrhagic vasculitis .

Contraindications:

Diphenhydramine is not prescribed for benign prostatic hyperplasia, the form-closure glaucoma, epilepsy, stenosis of the bladder, stenosing peptic ulcer of the digestive system. In bronchial asthma, breastfeeding, pregnancy used with caution.

Side effects and overdose:

Taking medication may cause tremors, dizziness, numbness in the mouth, dry mouth, excessive sleepiness, photosensitization , Fatigue, headaches, nausea, paresis of accommodation , Decrease in the rate of psychomotor reaction, coordination of movements. Use of the drug diphenhydramine in children may be associated with feeling euphoria , Irritability, paradoxical insomnia. Higher doses cause central nervous system depression, paresis of the digestive system, dry mouth, dilated pupils, depression. The specific antidote is not designed, require intravenous plazmozameshchath liquids , The use of medications that increase blood pressure. It is unacceptable to use analeptics, epinephrine.

Mode of application:

Tablet form : 30-50 mg three times a day, the duration of treatment is 10-15 days. When insomnia   administered 50 mg half an hour before bedtime. When postentsefalicheskom,   idiopathic parkinsonism   initially administered at 25 mg three times a day, in a subsequent dosage is gradually increased to 50 mg four times a day. When rocking every 6 hours should take 25-50 mg of diphenhydramine. The solution : Intravenously administered 20-50 mg of the drug, previously dissolved in 100 ml of 0 9 with sodium chloride, singly administered intramuscularly 50 mg. Rectal suppositories : After the enema is administered twice daily. Drops Opthalmic - 3 times per day 2 drops instilled solution (0, 2-0, 5%) in each conjunctival sac. In Allergy: 0, 05 g of the drug is administered intranasally.

Special instructions:

Diphenhydramine adversely affects the performance of activities which require high concentration of attention on the management of complex machinery, driving vehicles. During therapy should avoid drinking alcoholic beverages, limit to a minimum exposure to sunlight and UV light. Antiemetic effect of the drug might lead to confusion in the differential diagnosis of the doctor acute appendicitis , Recognition of symptoms of overdose, intoxication.

Drug Interactions:

Diphenhydramine enhances the action of drugs which depress the nervous system. In a joint application with psychostimulants   recorded antagonistic effect. MAO inhibitors   increase anticholinergic activity of the drug. In the treatment of poisoning, intoxication reduces the effectiveness of diphenhydramine apomorphine .